﻿92 
  G. 
  F. 
  Wright 
  — 
  Glacial 
  Phenomena 
  of 
  

  

  rated 
  by 
  long 
  fissures 
  the 
  ice 
  turns 
  to 
  the 
  right 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  left 
  

   towards 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  fiords, 
  while 
  opposite 
  the 
  mountain 
  

   barrier 
  it 
  is 
  pushed 
  up 
  in 
  a 
  smooth 
  dome-shaped 
  protuberance, 
  

   so 
  that 
  when 
  we 
  were 
  in 
  the 
  depression 
  between 
  the 
  descent 
  

   from 
  the 
  ice-field 
  to 
  the 
  ascent 
  towards 
  the 
  mountain, 
  the 
  

   appearance 
  was 
  almost 
  exactly 
  like 
  that 
  which 
  often 
  confronts 
  

   one 
  in 
  a 
  " 
  sag 
  " 
  in 
  a 
  rolling 
  prairie. 
  

  

  Above 
  the 
  height 
  of 
  1500 
  feet 
  the 
  glacier 
  was 
  so 
  covered 
  

   with 
  fresh 
  snow 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  little 
  opportunity 
  for 
  observa- 
  

   tion. 
  Below 
  this 
  level 
  there 
  were 
  numerous 
  superglacial 
  

   streams 
  of 
  large 
  size, 
  which 
  eventually 
  plunged 
  into 
  moulins 
  

   several 
  hundred 
  feet 
  deep. 
  The 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  from 
  which 
  

   the 
  fresh 
  snow 
  had 
  melted 
  contained 
  a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  fine 
  

   dust 
  corresponding, 
  I 
  suppose 
  to 
  Nordenskiold's 
  kryokonite. 
  

   In 
  shallow 
  depressions 
  this 
  was 
  occasionally 
  an 
  inch 
  or 
  two 
  in 
  

   depth. 
  We 
  estimated 
  that, 
  over 
  considerable 
  areas, 
  the 
  aver- 
  

   age 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  dust 
  was 
  a 
  quarter 
  of 
  an 
  inch. 
  The 
  

   height 
  and 
  bareness 
  of 
  the 
  surrounding 
  mountains 
  favored 
  

   such 
  an 
  accumulation, 
  as 
  the 
  winds 
  had 
  free 
  access 
  to 
  them. 
  

   Unfortunately 
  our 
  specimens 
  were 
  lost, 
  so 
  that 
  I 
  have 
  w 
  t 
  been 
  

   able 
  to 
  compare 
  the 
  dust 
  found 
  here 
  with 
  that 
  described 
  by 
  

   Nordenskiold 
  and 
  Hoist; 
  but 
  the 
  general 
  appearance 
  was 
  

   similar 
  to 
  their 
  specimens. 
  

  

  Numerous 
  moraines, 
  coming 
  principally 
  from 
  the 
  northern 
  

   side 
  of 
  the 
  glacier, 
  joined 
  to 
  form 
  two 
  main 
  lines 
  before 
  

   reaching 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  Ikamiut 
  fiord. 
  These 
  stood 
  considerably 
  

   above 
  the 
  general 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  ice. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  moraines 
  was 
  

   spread 
  out 
  over 
  a 
  width 
  of 
  fully 
  a 
  quarter 
  of 
  a 
  mile, 
  — 
  that 
  

   appearing 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  distance 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  stones 
  had 
  rolled 
  

   transversely 
  in 
  the 
  process 
  of 
  the 
  lowering 
  of 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  

   ice 
  in 
  recent 
  times 
  by 
  ablation. 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  perfectly 
  

   rounded 
  pebbles 
  six 
  inches 
  or 
  more 
  in 
  diameter 
  interspersed 
  a 
  

   mile 
  or 
  more 
  back 
  from 
  the 
  front 
  with 
  this 
  morainic 
  debris 
  

   upon 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  was 
  such 
  as 
  to 
  attract 
  special 
  

   attention. 
  

  

  Ikamiut 
  fiord 
  presents 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  object 
  lessons 
  con- 
  

   ceivable 
  illustrating 
  the 
  process 
  which 
  went 
  on 
  everywhere 
  in 
  

   mountainous 
  regions 
  during 
  the 
  closing 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  

   invasion. 
  The 
  fiord 
  runs 
  nearly 
  east 
  and 
  west. 
  The 
  flanks 
  of 
  

   the 
  mountain 
  upon 
  the 
  north 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  fiord 
  facing 
  the 
  sun, 
  

   are 
  entirely 
  free 
  from 
  ice 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  glacial 
  front 
  ; 
  

   but 
  those 
  upon 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  facing 
  the 
  north 
  sustain 
  a 
  num- 
  

   ber 
  of 
  local 
  glaciers 
  fed 
  by 
  comparatively 
  small 
  neve-fields 
  

   and 
  extending 
  varying 
  distances 
  towards 
  the 
  water's 
  edge. 
  The 
  

   glacier 
  nearest 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  fiord 
  comes 
  down 
  to 
  within 
  

   about 
  1000 
  feet 
  of 
  the 
  sea-level, 
  a 
  second, 
  farther 
  up 
  the 
  

   fiord, 
  reaches 
  down 
  to 
  within 
  about 
  500 
  feet 
  of 
  sea-level, 
  a 
  

  

  