﻿126 
  H. 
  R. 
  Mill 
  — 
  Glacial 
  Land-Forms 
  of 
  the 
  Alps. 
  

  

  lied, 
  bnt 
  contain 
  many 
  pebbles 
  marked 
  by 
  glacial 
  striae. 
  

   Fluvio-glacial 
  deposits 
  are 
  always 
  being 
  formed 
  on 
  the 
  outer 
  

   slopes 
  of 
  moraines, 
  forming 
  a 
  gentle 
  slope 
  leading 
  from 
  the 
  

   edge 
  of 
  the 
  morainic 
  amphitheater 
  to 
  the 
  plain 
  of 
  the 
  enclosed 
  

   depression. 
  A 
  complex 
  of 
  glacial 
  and 
  fluvio-glacial 
  deposits 
  

   of 
  contemporaneous 
  origin 
  corresponds 
  to 
  each 
  phase 
  of 
  the 
  

   cessation 
  of 
  glaciation. 
  Thus 
  in 
  a 
  single 
  glacial 
  series 
  there 
  

   may 
  be 
  a 
  succession 
  of 
  complexes, 
  one 
  partially 
  superimposed 
  

   on 
  another, 
  and 
  each 
  corresponding 
  to 
  a 
  definite 
  stage 
  of 
  

   retreat 
  or 
  advance 
  of 
  the 
  ice. 
  The 
  fluvio-glacial 
  deposits 
  in 
  a 
  

   single 
  glaciation 
  are 
  spoken 
  of 
  as 
  inter-stadiary. 
  

  

  Under 
  the 
  deposits 
  of 
  relatively 
  recent 
  glacial 
  accumulation 
  

   which 
  are 
  characterized 
  by 
  trifling 
  superficial 
  alteration 
  due 
  to 
  

   weathering, 
  two 
  other 
  glacial 
  series 
  are 
  found 
  distinguished 
  

   from 
  each 
  other 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  most 
  recent 
  series 
  by 
  highly 
  

   weathered 
  layers 
  or 
  by 
  evidence 
  of 
  great 
  erosion, 
  showing 
  the 
  

   existence 
  of 
  a 
  long 
  sub-aerial 
  period 
  between 
  each 
  epoch 
  of 
  

   glaciation. 
  These 
  periods 
  are 
  termed 
  interglacial 
  in 
  distinc- 
  

   tion 
  to 
  the 
  brief 
  interstadiary 
  periods 
  which 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  course 
  

   of 
  a 
  single 
  glaciation. 
  Amongst 
  the 
  interglacial 
  deposits 
  of 
  

   the 
  neighborhood 
  of 
  the 
  Alps, 
  at 
  least 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  

   chain, 
  loess 
  must 
  be 
  included. 
  Lehm 
  is 
  a 
  product 
  of 
  alteration 
  

   of 
  loess, 
  mainly 
  distinguished 
  by 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  carbonate 
  of 
  

   lime. 
  

  

  The 
  more 
  ancient 
  moraines 
  are 
  often 
  weathered 
  externally 
  

   into 
  a 
  brick 
  red 
  crust, 
  termed 
  ferretto 
  by 
  the 
  Italian 
  geologists. 
  

   The 
  moraines 
  so 
  coated 
  always 
  occupy 
  the 
  outer 
  side 
  of 
  mo- 
  

   rainic 
  amphitheaters, 
  and 
  are 
  therefore 
  called 
  external 
  moraines 
  

   in 
  distinction 
  to 
  the 
  more 
  internal 
  moraines, 
  which 
  form 
  the 
  

   inner 
  slopes 
  and 
  in 
  part 
  rest 
  upon 
  the 
  more 
  ancient. 
  This 
  is 
  

   not 
  a 
  mere 
  case 
  of 
  superposition, 
  but 
  of 
  actual 
  enclosure, 
  the 
  

   external 
  moraine 
  extending 
  around 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  partially 
  under 
  

   the 
  internal. 
  The 
  alluvia 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  ancient 
  glaciation 
  are 
  

   termed 
  plateau 
  alluvia 
  (Deckenschotter), 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  inter- 
  

   mediate 
  glaciation 
  high-terrace 
  alluvia 
  (Hochterrassenschotter), 
  

   and 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  recent 
  stage 
  low-terrace 
  alluvia 
  (Nieder- 
  

   terrassenschotter). 
  

  

  I 
  cannot 
  conclude 
  without 
  an 
  expression 
  of 
  gratitude 
  to 
  

   Professor 
  Penck, 
  for 
  his 
  great 
  kindness 
  and 
  tireless 
  patience 
  in 
  

   not 
  only 
  showing, 
  but 
  making 
  sure 
  that 
  every 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  

   excursion 
  saw 
  and 
  understood, 
  the 
  various 
  features 
  which 
  he 
  

   explained. 
  

  

  