﻿A. 
  K 
  Verrill 
  — 
  Echinoderms 
  of 
  Northeastern 
  America. 
  127 
  

  

  Aet. 
  XIII. 
  — 
  Distribution 
  of 
  the 
  Echinoderms 
  of 
  North- 
  

   eastern 
  America'* 
  by 
  A. 
  E. 
  Verrill. 
  (Brief 
  Contribu- 
  

   tions 
  to 
  Zoology 
  from 
  the 
  Museum 
  of 
  Yale 
  College, 
  No. 
  

   LYIII.) 
  

  

  About 
  200 
  species 
  of 
  Echinoderms 
  are 
  now 
  known 
  from 
  

   the 
  Atlantic 
  Ocean, 
  adjacent 
  to 
  the 
  North 
  American 
  coast, 
  

   north 
  of 
  Cape 
  Hatteras. 
  Of 
  these, 
  over 
  100 
  species 
  have 
  been 
  

   discovered 
  in 
  recent 
  years, 
  since 
  the 
  deep 
  sea 
  dredgings 
  were 
  

   undertaken. 
  The 
  " 
  Challenger," 
  18T3 
  ; 
  the 
  "Blake," 
  1880; 
  

   the 
  " 
  Fishhawk," 
  1880-1882 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  " 
  Albatross," 
  1883-1887, 
  

   each 
  brought 
  to 
  light 
  many 
  new 
  forms. 
  Those 
  dredged 
  by 
  

   the 
  " 
  Challenger" 
  were, 
  however, 
  not 
  described 
  until 
  1889. 
  

   Those 
  collected 
  by 
  the 
  two 
  steamers 
  last 
  named, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  several 
  

   derived 
  from 
  previous 
  explorations, 
  were 
  mostly 
  described 
  by 
  

   me, 
  from 
  1878 
  to 
  1885. 
  Many 
  of 
  these 
  necessarily 
  brief 
  

   descriptions 
  appeared 
  in 
  this 
  Journal, 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time, 
  in 
  

   this 
  series 
  of 
  " 
  Brief 
  Contributions 
  to 
  Zoology."! 
  It 
  seems 
  

   desirable, 
  therefore, 
  to 
  bring 
  together 
  here 
  all 
  the 
  species, 
  with 
  

   a 
  brief 
  review 
  of 
  their 
  distribution, 
  as 
  known 
  at 
  present. 
  Of 
  

   the 
  200 
  species 
  now 
  recognized, 
  about 
  137 
  may 
  be 
  classed 
  as 
  

   deep-water 
  species, 
  as 
  they 
  rarely 
  if 
  ever 
  occur 
  in 
  less 
  than 
  50 
  

   fathoms. 
  About 
  116 
  species 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  depths 
  greater 
  than 
  

   500 
  fathoms. 
  Many 
  of 
  these 
  have 
  a 
  wide 
  range 
  in 
  bathy- 
  

   metrical 
  distribution, 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  ranging 
  from 
  less 
  than 
  100, 
  

   to 
  more 
  than 
  1000 
  fathoms. 
  The 
  same 
  is 
  true 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  

   shallow 
  water 
  species. 
  About 
  58 
  species 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  to 
  

   occur 
  only 
  at 
  depths 
  greater 
  than 
  500 
  fathoms 
  ; 
  these 
  may 
  be 
  

   classed 
  as 
  true 
  abyssal 
  species. 
  Many 
  of 
  our 
  species 
  also 
  have 
  

   a 
  wide 
  geographical 
  range. 
  A 
  considerable 
  number 
  occur 
  on 
  

   the 
  eastern 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Arctic 
  Ocean. 
  

   Several 
  extend 
  southward 
  to 
  the 
  West 
  Indies, 
  and 
  some 
  even 
  

   to 
  the 
  Indian 
  and 
  Pacific 
  Oceans. 
  

  

  More 
  complete 
  details 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  distribution 
  will 
  be 
  

   given 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  general 
  lists 
  of 
  each 
  class. 
  The 
  

   general 
  distribution 
  in 
  depth 
  may 
  be 
  illustrated 
  by 
  the 
  follow- 
  

   ing 
  table 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  * 
  Abstract 
  of 
  a 
  paper 
  read 
  before 
  the 
  National 
  Academy 
  of 
  Science, 
  Dec. 
  31, 
  

   1894. 
  

  

  f 
  Especially 
  in 
  Nos. 
  38, 
  39, 
  42, 
  49, 
  50, 
  51, 
  55, 
  56, 
  57. 
  

  

  Other 
  species 
  were 
  described 
  by 
  me 
  in 
  the 
  Proc. 
  U. 
  S. 
  Nat. 
  Museum, 
  vol. 
  ii, 
  

   p. 
  165, 
  1879; 
  vol. 
  viii, 
  p. 
  423, 
  1885; 
  and 
  in 
  vol. 
  xvii, 
  pp. 
  245-297, 
  1894. 
  

  

  Many 
  were 
  figured 
  and 
  described, 
  in 
  ,l 
  Results 
  of 
  the 
  Explorations 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  

   steamer 
  Albatross, 
  in 
  1883," 
  in 
  the 
  11th 
  Annual 
  Report 
  of 
  the 
  Commissioner 
  of 
  

   Fish 
  and 
  Fisheries, 
  1885. 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  article 
  the 
  localities 
  indicated 
  by 
  station 
  numbers 
  and 
  by 
  latitude 
  and 
  

   longitude, 
  unless 
  otherwise 
  stated, 
  are 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  Fish 
  Commis- 
  

   sion. 
  

  

  