﻿A. 
  E. 
  Verrill 
  — 
  Echinoderms 
  of 
  Northeastern 
  America. 
  135 
  

  

  Pentagonaster 
  granularis 
  Perrier. 
  

  

  Asttrias 
  granular 
  is 
  Retzius, 
  K. 
  Vefc. 
  Akad. 
  Nya. 
  Handl., 
  vol. 
  iv, 
  p. 
  2B8, 
  1783. 
  

   Astrogonium 
  granulare 
  Muller 
  and 
  Trosch., 
  Syst., 
  p. 
  57, 
  1S42 
  ; 
  Verrill, 
  Expl. 
  by 
  

  

  the 
  Albatross 
  in 
  1883, 
  p. 
  542, 
  pi. 
  18, 
  figs. 
  48, 
  48", 
  1885. 
  

   Goniaster 
  granularis 
  Liitkea, 
  Yidensk. 
  Medd. 
  nat 
  Foren., 
  p. 
  146, 
  1865. 
  

   Pentagonasier 
  granularis 
  Perrier, 
  Revis. 
  Stell. 
  du 
  Mus., 
  p. 
  224, 
  1876; 
  Sladen, 
  

   Toy. 
  ChalleDger, 
  vol. 
  xxx, 
  p. 
  268. 
  1889. 
  

  

  B. 
  range, 
  72 
  to 
  471 
  fatb. 
  Rarely 
  taken 
  below 
  150 
  fathoms. 
  

  

  Taken 
  at 
  several 
  stations 
  between 
  N. 
  lat. 
  44° 
  28' 
  30" 
  and 
  

   41° 
  47'. 
  Also 
  taken 
  by 
  the 
  Gloucester 
  fishermen 
  on 
  the 
  Banks 
  

   off 
  Nova 
  Scotia. 
  Occurs 
  off 
  the 
  coasts 
  of 
  Norway 
  and 
  Great 
  

   Britain. 
  

  

  Pentagonaster 
  simplex, 
  sp. 
  nov 
  

  

  B. 
  range, 
  640 
  fath. 
  Off 
  Martha's 
  Vineyard. 
  

  

  Greater 
  radius, 
  20 
  mm 
  ; 
  lesser 
  radius, 
  13 
  mm 
  ; 
  thickness 
  at 
  mar- 
  

   gin, 
  45 
  mm 
  . 
  Form 
  pentagonal, 
  with 
  the 
  sides 
  slightly 
  incurved 
  ; 
  

   rays 
  short-triangular, 
  terminated 
  by 
  a 
  somewhat 
  prominent, 
  

   rounded 
  apical 
  plate, 
  situated 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  side. 
  Usually 
  

   twelve 
  superior 
  and 
  fourteen 
  inferior 
  marginal 
  plates 
  ; 
  these 
  

   are 
  uniformly 
  covered 
  with 
  rather 
  fine, 
  crowded, 
  angular 
  gran- 
  

   ules, 
  except 
  on 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  each 
  plate, 
  where 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  

   smooth, 
  rounded 
  area 
  above 
  and 
  below. 
  Abactinal 
  plates 
  very 
  

   regular 
  in 
  form 
  and 
  arrangement 
  ; 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  radial 
  areas 
  are 
  

   hexagonal, 
  with 
  the 
  median 
  row 
  distinct 
  and 
  bordered 
  by 
  about 
  

   three 
  parallel 
  rows 
  on 
  each 
  side. 
  Those 
  of 
  the 
  triangular 
  inter- 
  

   radial 
  areas 
  are 
  rhombic, 
  somewhat 
  smaller 
  and 
  less 
  regular 
  ; 
  all 
  

   the 
  plates 
  are 
  covered 
  with 
  numerous 
  small, 
  crowded, 
  angular 
  

   granules, 
  often 
  thirty 
  to 
  forty 
  on 
  the 
  larger 
  plates. 
  Actinal 
  

   plates 
  mostly 
  rhombic, 
  flat, 
  regularly 
  arranged, 
  and 
  covered 
  with 
  

   fine, 
  rounded 
  granules 
  which 
  are 
  not 
  closely 
  crowded. 
  Adam- 
  

   bulacral 
  spines 
  decidedly 
  longer 
  and 
  larger 
  than 
  those 
  adjacent. 
  

   Each 
  adambulacral 
  plate 
  bears 
  a 
  single 
  marginal 
  row 
  of 
  three 
  

   or 
  four 
  somewhat 
  elongated, 
  blunt 
  or 
  clavate 
  spines, 
  and 
  out- 
  

   side 
  of 
  these 
  a 
  somewhat 
  stellate 
  group 
  of 
  seven 
  to 
  nine 
  shorter, 
  

   thicker, 
  blunt 
  spinules, 
  one 
  of 
  which 
  usually 
  occupies 
  the 
  cen- 
  

   ter 
  of 
  the 
  group. 
  Jaw-spines 
  numerous, 
  short, 
  thick, 
  angular, 
  

   similar 
  to 
  the 
  larger 
  adambulacral 
  spines. 
  

  

  A 
  single 
  specimen 
  (No. 
  13,363) 
  was 
  taken 
  at 
  station 
  1124. 
  

  

  Pentagoxaster 
  planus, 
  sp. 
  nov. 
  

  

  B. 
  range, 
  156 
  fath. 
  N. 
  lat. 
  39° 
  53', 
  off 
  Martha's 
  Vineyard. 
  

  

  Greater 
  radius, 
  50 
  mm 
  ; 
  lesser 
  radius, 
  35 
  mm 
  ; 
  thickness 
  at 
  mar- 
  

   gin, 
  8 
  mm 
  . 
  Form 
  pentagonal, 
  with 
  the 
  sides 
  slightly 
  incurved 
  ; 
  

   rays 
  very 
  short, 
  triangular, 
  and 
  obtuse, 
  with 
  the 
  tip 
  turned 
  up 
  

   and 
  terminated 
  by 
  a 
  small, 
  conical 
  plate. 
  Marginal 
  plates 
  

   large, 
  median 
  ones 
  nearly 
  square, 
  usually 
  fourteen 
  in 
  the 
  dorsal 
  

  

  