﻿A. 
  E. 
  Verrill— 
  Eckinoderms 
  of 
  Northeastern 
  America. 
  139 
  

  

  tinctly 
  visible, 
  beneath 
  the 
  cuticle, 
  when 
  dried, 
  and 
  the 
  upper 
  

   marginal 
  plates 
  are 
  relatively 
  larger 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  adult. 
  The 
  

   papulae 
  are 
  few 
  and 
  scattered. 
  In 
  this 
  stage, 
  it 
  agrees 
  in 
  all 
  

   respects 
  with 
  the 
  genus 
  Marginaster 
  Perrier 
  and 
  Lasiaster 
  

   Sladen, 
  both 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  probably 
  the 
  young 
  of 
  Porania 
  or 
  

   Poraniomorpha. 
  

  

  Four 
  allied 
  species 
  of 
  this 
  genus 
  are 
  known 
  from 
  the 
  Southern 
  

   Ocean 
  ; 
  of 
  these 
  P. 
  glabra 
  SI., 
  from 
  off 
  Kerguelen 
  I., 
  in 
  30 
  to 
  

   127 
  fath., 
  seems 
  nearest 
  to 
  our 
  species 
  ; 
  P. 
  pulvillus 
  (Mull.) 
  

   Norm., 
  of 
  northern 
  Europe, 
  is 
  also 
  allied 
  to 
  this. 
  

  

  Poraniomorpha 
  spjnulosa 
  Verrill. 
  

  

  Porania 
  sjrinulosa 
  Verrill, 
  Proc. 
  U. 
  S. 
  Xat. 
  Mus., 
  vol. 
  2, 
  p. 
  202. 
  1877. 
  

   Poraniomorpha 
  spinulosa 
  Yerrill, 
  Expl. 
  by 
  the 
  Albatross, 
  p. 
  542, 
  1885. 
  

  

  B. 
  range, 
  80 
  to 
  640 
  fath. 
  Eare 
  below 
  400 
  fath. 
  Most 
  

   common 
  in 
  150 
  to 
  250 
  fath. 
  In 
  one 
  instance, 
  off 
  Cape 
  Hatteras, 
  

   taken 
  in 
  48 
  fath. 
  Off 
  Cape 
  Cod 
  in 
  80 
  and 
  118 
  fath. 
  Taken 
  

   at 
  42 
  stations 
  from 
  41° 
  80' 
  30" 
  to 
  35° 
  12' 
  30", 
  mostly 
  in 
  the 
  

   warm 
  area. 
  

  

  Yar. 
  rudis 
  : 
  A 
  variety 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  has 
  small 
  divergent 
  

   groups 
  of 
  longer 
  and 
  somewhat 
  enlarged 
  spinules 
  on 
  more 
  or 
  

   less 
  of 
  the 
  actinal 
  interradial 
  plates, 
  while 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  plates 
  

   have 
  the 
  normal 
  small 
  spinules. 
  

  

  Yar. 
  inermis 
  : 
  This 
  variety 
  lacks 
  the 
  marginal 
  spines 
  on 
  the 
  

   infero-marginal 
  plates, 
  except 
  near 
  the 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  rays. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  considerable 
  variation, 
  also, 
  in 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  spines 
  

   on 
  the 
  jaw-plates. 
  

  

  A 
  very 
  large 
  specimen, 
  with 
  the 
  radii 
  80 
  mm 
  and 
  46 
  ram 
  , 
  taken 
  

   in 
  90 
  fathoms, 
  off 
  Martha's 
  Yineyard, 
  has 
  thick, 
  tumid 
  mar- 
  

   gins, 
  with 
  the 
  infero-marginal 
  plates 
  forced 
  downward 
  to 
  the 
  

   under 
  side 
  ; 
  many 
  of 
  these 
  plates 
  along 
  the 
  disk 
  are 
  destitute 
  

   of 
  marginal 
  spines, 
  or 
  have 
  them 
  in 
  a 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  aborted 
  

   form 
  ; 
  toward 
  the 
  tips 
  of 
  the 
  rays 
  the 
  marginal 
  spines 
  become 
  

   normal, 
  but 
  stouter 
  than 
  in 
  smaller 
  specimens. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  closely 
  allied 
  to 
  P. 
  rosea 
  Duben 
  and 
  Koren, 
  of 
  north- 
  

   ern 
  Europe. 
  

  

  Poraniomorpha 
  borealis 
  Yerrill. 
  

  

  Asterina 
  borealis 
  Yerrill, 
  this 
  Journal, 
  vol. 
  xvi, 
  p. 
  213, 
  1878; 
  Yerrill, 
  Expl. 
  

  

  made 
  by 
  the 
  Albatross 
  in 
  1883, 
  in 
  Ann. 
  Report 
  U. 
  S. 
  Fish 
  Comra., 
  vol. 
  xi, 
  

  

  pi. 
  18, 
  figs. 
  46, 
  46", 
  1885. 
  

   Porania 
  borealis 
  Yerrill, 
  Check 
  List, 
  1879; 
  Ann. 
  Report 
  U.S. 
  Com'r. 
  of 
  Fish 
  

  

  and 
  Fisheries, 
  for 
  1882, 
  vol. 
  x, 
  p. 
  659, 
  1884. 
  

  

  B. 
  range, 
  64 
  to 
  225 
  fath., 
  rare. 
  Belongs 
  to 
  the 
  cold 
  area. 
  

   Taken 
  at 
  4 
  stations, 
  from 
  44° 
  26' 
  to 
  39° 
  49' 
  30". 
  Also 
  in 
  the 
  

   Gulf 
  of 
  Maine, 
  in 
  110 
  fathoms, 
  1874. 
  Fishing 
  Banks, 
  K 
  lat. 
  

   45° 
  25', 
  W. 
  long. 
  57° 
  10', 
  in 
  170 
  fathoms. 
  

  

  The 
  specimen 
  from 
  the 
  Banks 
  is 
  much 
  larger 
  than 
  any 
  of 
  

   the 
  others. 
  Radii 
  35 
  mm 
  and 
  23 
  mm 
  . 
  The 
  dorsal 
  papular 
  pores 
  

  

  