﻿Geology 
  and 
  Mineralogy. 
  155 
  

  

  by 
  the 
  mechanical 
  and 
  solvent 
  action 
  of 
  the 
  sea 
  leaving 
  only 
  an 
  

   occasional 
  outcrop 
  of 
  the 
  elevated 
  reef 
  as 
  observed 
  by 
  Agassiz 
  

   and 
  Shaler. 
  The 
  outer 
  line 
  of 
  reef 
  has 
  also 
  been 
  elevated. 
  For 
  I 
  

   think 
  Tuomey 
  was 
  right 
  in 
  looking 
  upon 
  the 
  outcropping 
  reef 
  rock 
  

   of 
  Sand 
  Key 
  as 
  an 
  elevated 
  reef, 
  if 
  I 
  remember 
  rightly 
  what 
  he 
  

   says 
  ; 
  while 
  Professor 
  Agassiz 
  mistook 
  it, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  traces 
  of.the 
  

   elevated 
  reef 
  he 
  saw 
  along 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  Keys, 
  for 
  a 
  recent 
  reef 
  

   consisting 
  of 
  beach 
  rock 
  into 
  which 
  large 
  masses 
  of 
  corals 
  had 
  

   been 
  thrown 
  by 
  hurricanes. 
  But 
  in 
  this 
  I 
  now 
  think 
  both 
  he 
  and 
  

   I 
  were 
  mistaken. 
  It 
  was 
  however 
  a 
  natural 
  view 
  to 
  take 
  of 
  the 
  

   formation 
  of 
  that 
  reef 
  for 
  one 
  who 
  was 
  not 
  familiar 
  with 
  the 
  pecu- 
  

   liar 
  aspect 
  of 
  the 
  elevated 
  reefs 
  of 
  Cuba. 
  From 
  the 
  Pine 
  Keys 
  

   and 
  the 
  Islands 
  to 
  the 
  West, 
  and 
  including 
  the 
  Marquesas, 
  there 
  

   is 
  nothing 
  exposed 
  but 
  beach 
  rock, 
  stratified 
  at 
  a 
  slight 
  angle 
  

   seaward 
  on 
  the 
  sea 
  faces 
  of 
  these 
  Keys; 
  and 
  even 
  that 
  is 
  only 
  

   casually 
  exposed, 
  — 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  beaches 
  of 
  the 
  

   Keys 
  being 
  covered 
  by 
  coralline 
  and 
  coral 
  sand 
  completely 
  hiding 
  

   the 
  substratum. 
  Behind 
  this 
  beach 
  rock, 
  geolian 
  rocks 
  stretch 
  

   northward 
  and 
  have 
  formed 
  the 
  Keys. 
  

  

  2. 
  The 
  Geological 
  Society 
  of 
  America. 
  7th 
  Annual 
  meeting. 
  — 
  

   The 
  winter 
  meeting 
  of 
  the 
  Geological 
  Society 
  was 
  held 
  in 
  Balti- 
  

   more 
  Dec. 
  27, 
  28, 
  and 
  29, 
  1894, 
  in 
  the 
  geological 
  rooms 
  of 
  the 
  

   Johns 
  Hopkins 
  University. 
  It 
  was 
  a 
  representative 
  gathering, 
  

   geologists 
  from 
  all 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  county 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Rocky 
  moun- 
  

   tains 
  attending; 
  and 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  papers 
  presented 
  for 
  reading 
  

   (48) 
  was 
  so 
  great 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  necessary 
  to 
  make 
  two 
  sec- 
  

   tions 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  have 
  them 
  all 
  read 
  during 
  the 
  meeting. 
  The 
  

   Presidential 
  address 
  was 
  delivered 
  in 
  Levering 
  Hall 
  at 
  the 
  even- 
  

   ing 
  session 
  and 
  was 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  contributions 
  of 
  

   the 
  meeting. 
  It 
  was 
  an 
  account 
  of 
  his 
  recent 
  glacial 
  studies 
  in 
  

   Northern 
  Greenland, 
  by 
  Professsor 
  T. 
  C. 
  Chamberlin 
  as 
  a 
  mem- 
  

   ber 
  of 
  the 
  Peary 
  expedition 
  which 
  went 
  to 
  Greenland 
  during 
  the 
  

   last 
  summer. 
  The 
  lecture 
  was 
  illustrated 
  with 
  some 
  sixty 
  stere- 
  

   opticon 
  slides. 
  " 
  The 
  feature 
  that 
  first 
  impresses 
  the 
  observer 
  on 
  

   reaching 
  the 
  glaciers 
  of 
  the 
  far 
  North," 
  said 
  the 
  lecturer, 
  " 
  is 
  the 
  

   verticality 
  of 
  their 
  walls. 
  Southern 
  glaciers 
  terminate 
  in 
  curving 
  

   slopes. 
  Next 
  to 
  the 
  verticality 
  of 
  the 
  edges, 
  the 
  most 
  impressive 
  

   feature 
  is 
  the 
  pronounced 
  stratification 
  of 
  the 
  ice. 
  It 
  appears 
  that 
  

   stratification 
  originated 
  in 
  the 
  nucleus 
  of 
  deposition, 
  emphasized 
  

   by 
  winds, 
  rains 
  and 
  surface 
  melting 
  ; 
  that 
  the 
  extended 
  stratifica- 
  

   tion 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  intensified 
  by 
  the 
  ordinary 
  processes 
  of 
  con- 
  

   solidation 
  ; 
  that 
  shearings 
  of 
  the 
  strata 
  upon 
  each 
  other 
  still 
  fur- 
  

   ther 
  emphasized 
  the 
  stratification 
  and 
  developed 
  new 
  horizons 
  

   under 
  favorable 
  conditions; 
  that* 
  basal 
  inequalities 
  introduced 
  

   new 
  planes 
  of 
  stratification, 
  accompanied 
  by 
  earthy 
  debris, 
  and 
  

   that 
  this 
  process 
  extended 
  itself 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  even 
  to 
  form 
  minute 
  

   laminae. 
  A 
  glacier 
  is, 
  essentially, 
  made 
  up 
  of 
  large, 
  interlocking 
  

   granules 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  developed 
  from 
  the 
  snow 
  crystals 
  and 
  

   pellets 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  snowfall. 
  In 
  the 
  growth 
  and 
  the 
  changes 
  

   of 
  these 
  granules 
  the 
  secret 
  of 
  motion 
  may 
  lie. 
  The 
  glaciers 
  drop 
  

  

  