﻿162 
  Scientific 
  Intelligence. 
  

  

  (1) 
  The 
  Eopaleozoic, 
  characterized 
  by 
  almost 
  universal 
  seas 
  

   over 
  the 
  Continental 
  areas, 
  by 
  the 
  display 
  of 
  Invertebrate 
  marine 
  

   life 
  under 
  nearly 
  all 
  its 
  grander 
  divisions, 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  first 
  appear- 
  

   ance 
  of 
  marine 
  Vertebrates 
  — 
  all 
  eminently 
  thalassic 
  features 
  ; 
  and 
  

   by 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  earliest 
  of 
  terrestrial 
  plants 
  and 
  Inver- 
  

   tebrates. 
  

  

  (2) 
  After 
  the 
  making 
  in 
  North 
  America 
  of 
  the 
  Taconic 
  Moun- 
  

   tain 
  system 
  and 
  the 
  attendant 
  raising 
  of 
  land 
  above 
  the 
  sea 
  along 
  

   the 
  wide 
  Atlantic 
  border, 
  the 
  Neopaleozoic, 
  characterized 
  by 
  

   the 
  increasing 
  emergence 
  of 
  the 
  land 
  of 
  eastern 
  North 
  America, 
  

   and 
  also 
  by 
  the 
  further 
  emergence 
  of 
  life, 
  until, 
  through 
  the 
  pro- 
  

   gressing 
  developments, 
  a 
  great 
  semicontinent 
  existed, 
  that 
  of 
  

   eastern 
  North 
  America 
  covered 
  with 
  forests 
  and 
  populated 
  by 
  

   Amphibians 
  and 
  Reptiles, 
  along 
  with 
  gigantic 
  Insects 
  and 
  

   various 
  inferior 
  species. 
  

  

  The 
  Devonian 
  era 
  is 
  made 
  to 
  commence 
  with 
  the 
  Oriskany 
  

   period 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  Catskill 
  period, 
  hitherto 
  the 
  last, 
  is 
  dropped, 
  the 
  

   deposits 
  being 
  now 
  regarded 
  by 
  workers 
  in 
  the 
  field, 
  as 
  a 
  sea-shore 
  

   phase 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  Devonian. 
  In 
  the 
  first 
  edition 
  of 
  this 
  work 
  

   (and 
  still 
  earlier 
  in 
  1855), 
  the 
  Subcarboniferous, 
  Carboniferous 
  

   and 
  Permian 
  periods 
  were 
  made 
  to 
  represent 
  one 
  age 
  or 
  era, 
  and 
  

   the 
  age 
  was 
  named 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  ; 
  but 
  in 
  this 
  new 
  edition, 
  

   since 
  the 
  double 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  name 
  Carboniferous 
  is 
  objectionable, 
  

   Renevier's 
  term, 
  Carbonic, 
  first 
  published 
  by 
  him 
  as 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  

   the 
  era 
  in 
  1874, 
  is 
  substituted. 
  The 
  name 
  Subcarboniferous 
  is 
  

   retained 
  because 
  it 
  has 
  priority, 
  D. 
  D. 
  Owen 
  having 
  formally 
  pro- 
  

   posed 
  it 
  for 
  the 
  period 
  in 
  his 
  final 
  quarto 
  report, 
  of 
  1852, 
  on 
  the 
  

   Geological 
  survey 
  of 
  Wisconsin, 
  Iowa 
  and 
  Minnesota. 
  

  

  The 
  American 
  Cretaceous 
  period 
  is 
  divided 
  into 
  epochs 
  based 
  

   on 
  the 
  Cretaceous 
  series 
  of 
  Texas 
  and 
  the 
  Continental 
  Interior, 
  

   which 
  in 
  general 
  is 
  sufficiently 
  fossiliferous 
  to 
  serve 
  as 
  the 
  basis 
  

   of 
  time-divisions. 
  Those 
  of 
  the 
  Lower 
  Cretaceous 
  are 
  named 
  the 
  

   Trinity, 
  Fredericksburg 
  and 
  Washita 
  epochs, 
  from 
  Prof. 
  R. 
  T. 
  

   Hill's 
  Texas 
  section 
  ; 
  and 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Upper, 
  the 
  Dakota, 
  Colo- 
  

   rado, 
  Montana 
  and 
  Laramie, 
  from 
  the 
  Cretaceous 
  of 
  the 
  Con- 
  

   tinental 
  Interior, 
  after 
  the 
  grouping 
  of 
  Eldridge. 
  Moreover 
  the 
  

   Laramie 
  is 
  divided 
  into 
  the 
  Lower 
  Laramie, 
  and 
  the 
  Denver 
  

   group 
  or 
  Upper 
  Laramie. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  brought 
  out 
  in 
  this 
  connection 
  that 
  Mesozoic 
  time, 
  like 
  

   Paleozoic, 
  ended 
  in 
  North 
  America 
  in 
  the 
  making 
  of 
  a 
  great 
  

   coal-bearing 
  formation, 
  and 
  as 
  the 
  coal 
  period 
  closed 
  there 
  fol- 
  

   lowed 
  mountain-making 
  on 
  a 
  grand 
  scale 
  and 
  world-wide 
  disap- 
  

   pearance 
  of 
  species 
  ; 
  and 
  that 
  further, 
  as, 
  after 
  the 
  Paleozoic, 
  the 
  

   emergence 
  from 
  the 
  water 
  of 
  the 
  eastern 
  half 
  of 
  North 
  America 
  

   took 
  place, 
  so, 
  after 
  the 
  Mesozoic, 
  there 
  was 
  the 
  final 
  emergence 
  of 
  

   the 
  western 
  half. 
  The 
  Post-cretaceous 
  mountain 
  system 
  of 
  the 
  

   Rocky 
  Mountains 
  is 
  called 
  the 
  Laramide, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  described 
  as 
  

   extending 
  from 
  near 
  the 
  Arctic 
  seas 
  to 
  Central 
  America 
  ; 
  and 
  as 
  

   having 
  probably 
  its 
  counterpart 
  in 
  South 
  America, 
  along 
  the 
  line 
  

   of 
  the 
  Andes, 
  

  

  