﻿170 
  Walcott 
  — 
  Appalachian 
  Type 
  of 
  Folding 
  in 
  California. 
  

  

  the 
  range 
  on 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  toll-road 
  from 
  Piper's 
  

   Ranch 
  to 
  Big 
  Pine. 
  A 
  sketch 
  of 
  the 
  section 
  he 
  made 
  shows 
  

   a 
  broad 
  syncline 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  side, 
  with 
  faulting 
  and 
  fold- 
  

   ing 
  in 
  the 
  central 
  and 
  eastern 
  portions. 
  He 
  also 
  gives 
  a 
  section 
  

   of 
  the 
  rocks 
  exposed 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  Inyo 
  range, 
  at 
  the 
  

   pass 
  between 
  Deep 
  Spring 
  valley 
  and 
  Owen's 
  valley.* 
  

  

  Mr. 
  W. 
  A. 
  Goodyear, 
  in 
  his 
  account 
  of 
  Inyo 
  County,f 
  notes 
  

   the 
  contorted 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  strata, 
  and 
  also 
  gives 
  one 
  sketch 
  

   of 
  the 
  folding 
  in 
  the 
  strata 
  on 
  the 
  slope 
  of 
  White 
  Mountain, 
  

   north 
  of 
  Silver 
  Canyon. 
  

  

  During 
  the 
  summer 
  of 
  1894, 
  accompained 
  by 
  Mr. 
  F. 
  B. 
  

   Weeks, 
  I 
  crossed 
  the 
  range 
  opposite 
  Big 
  Pine 
  and 
  penetrated 
  

   into 
  it 
  from 
  the 
  western 
  side, 
  in 
  Waucobi, 
  Black 
  and 
  Silver 
  

   Canyons, 
  with 
  the 
  special 
  purpose 
  of 
  determining 
  the 
  strati- 
  

   graphic 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  range, 
  after 
  ascer- 
  

   taining 
  that 
  the 
  rocks 
  were 
  of 
  Lower 
  Cambrian 
  age. 
  

  

  My 
  first 
  impression, 
  when 
  passing 
  south 
  through 
  Owen's 
  

   valley 
  and 
  looking 
  at 
  the 
  west 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  range, 
  was 
  that, 
  

   from 
  a 
  point 
  twenty 
  miles 
  north 
  of 
  Bishop 
  creek 
  to 
  Tollgate 
  

   Canyon, 
  the 
  range 
  was 
  formed 
  of 
  a 
  monocline 
  of 
  quartzites, 
  

   argillites 
  and 
  limestone. 
  The 
  first 
  trip 
  into 
  Tollgate 
  Canyon 
  

   disproved 
  this, 
  and 
  furnished 
  the 
  data 
  for 
  the 
  tentative 
  con- 
  

   clusion 
  that 
  this 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  range 
  is 
  a 
  syncline 
  of 
  quartzite 
  

   and 
  limetones, 
  very 
  much 
  broken 
  by 
  local 
  folding 
  and 
  faulting. 
  

   This 
  conclusion 
  was 
  verified 
  by 
  the 
  sections 
  exposed 
  in 
  the 
  

   sides 
  of 
  Black 
  and 
  Silver 
  canyons. 
  I 
  shall 
  first 
  describe 
  the 
  

   succession 
  of 
  strata 
  exposed 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  slope 
  of 
  the 
  range, 
  

   as 
  the 
  folding 
  and 
  faulting 
  will 
  thus 
  be 
  more 
  readily 
  under- 
  

   stood. 
  From 
  the 
  summit 
  downward 
  the 
  section 
  is 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  1. 
  Compact, 
  thin-bedded, 
  arenaceous 
  argillite, 
  with 
  

  

  layers 
  of 
  dark-brown, 
  fine-grained 
  quartzite 
  200 
  ft. 
  

  

  2. 
  Alternating 
  beds 
  of 
  limestone 
  and 
  calcareous 
  and 
  

  

  arenaceous 
  shale; 
  a 
  massive 
  bed 
  of 
  limestone, 
  100 
  

  

  feet 
  thick, 
  near 
  the 
  base 
  1,000 
  ft. 
  

  

  3. 
  Siliceous 
  slate 
  and 
  compact, 
  dark 
  quartzite 
  2,000 
  ft. 
  

  

  4. 
  Siliceous 
  limestone, 
  usually 
  in 
  massive 
  beds 
  1,700 
  ft. 
  

  

  Base 
  unknown. 
  

  

  The 
  limestone 
  series 
  of 
  2 
  and 
  4 
  are 
  light-colored 
  and 
  con- 
  

   trast 
  strongly 
  with 
  the 
  dark 
  quartzites, 
  argillites 
  and 
  shales. 
  

   This 
  brings 
  out 
  the 
  more 
  prominent 
  features 
  of 
  structure 
  in 
  

   bold 
  relief 
  when 
  viewed 
  from 
  the 
  higher 
  points 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  

   spurs 
  of 
  the 
  range. 
  

  

  * 
  California 
  State 
  Mining 
  Bureau. 
  Eighth 
  Annual 
  Report 
  State 
  Mineralogist 
  

   for 
  1888, 
  p. 
  282. 
  

  

  f 
  In 
  this 
  connection 
  see 
  article 
  in 
  February 
  number 
  on 
  Lower 
  Cambrian 
  Rocks 
  

   in 
  Eastern 
  California. 
  

  

  