﻿172 
  Walcott 
  — 
  Appalachian 
  Type 
  of 
  Folding 
  in 
  California. 
  

  

  very 
  much 
  broken 
  up 
  and 
  covered 
  with 
  massive 
  granitic 
  erup- 
  

   tives. 
  This 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  line 
  north 
  of 
  Silver 
  Canyon. 
  South 
  of 
  

   Silver 
  Canyon 
  about 
  five 
  miles, 
  the 
  section 
  as 
  viewed 
  from 
  the 
  

   high 
  ridge 
  south 
  of 
  Tollgate 
  Canyon 
  is 
  diagram 
  matically 
  repre- 
  

   sented 
  in 
  fig. 
  A. 
  The 
  quartzite 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  limb 
  of 
  the 
  

   syncline 
  is 
  hidden 
  by 
  an 
  intervening 
  ridge, 
  but 
  the 
  syncline 
  of 
  

   the 
  upper 
  limestone 
  and 
  the 
  two 
  minor 
  synclines 
  to 
  the 
  east- 
  

   ward 
  are 
  clearly 
  defined. 
  The 
  most 
  easterly, 
  on 
  the 
  eastern 
  

   slope 
  of 
  the 
  range, 
  was 
  not 
  seen 
  at 
  near 
  view, 
  but 
  it 
  appeared 
  

   to 
  be 
  as 
  represented 
  in 
  fig. 
  A. 
  

  

  The 
  east 
  fork 
  of 
  Black 
  Canyon 
  cuts 
  entirely 
  through 
  the 
  

   quartzite 
  (No. 
  3) 
  and 
  into 
  the 
  lower 
  limestone. 
  The 
  syncline 
  

   has 
  flattened 
  out, 
  and 
  its 
  western 
  limb 
  is 
  nowhere 
  overturned 
  

   to 
  the 
  eastward. 
  The 
  quartzite 
  (No. 
  3) 
  is 
  much 
  contorted 
  and 
  

   broken 
  by 
  minor 
  faults. 
  This 
  is 
  most 
  noticeable 
  about 
  midway 
  

   of 
  the 
  section 
  and 
  also 
  within 
  a 
  few 
  hundred 
  feet 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  

   limestone, 
  where 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  sharp 
  anticlinal 
  and 
  syn- 
  

   clinal 
  folds, 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  fig. 
  D, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  enlarged 
  view, 
  

   fig. 
  £. 
  The 
  depth 
  of 
  these 
  minor 
  synclines 
  is 
  about 
  300 
  feet. 
  

   They 
  appear 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  formed 
  largely 
  by 
  the 
  slipping 
  and 
  

   compression 
  of 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  argillaceous 
  and 
  thin-bedded 
  quartzites 
  

   that 
  are 
  between 
  the 
  upper 
  limestone 
  and 
  other 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  

   quartzite 
  series. 
  The 
  upper 
  limestones 
  form 
  a 
  broad, 
  some- 
  

   what 
  shallow, 
  irregular 
  syncline, 
  upon 
  which, 
  at 
  the 
  summit, 
  

   rest 
  about 
  200 
  feet 
  of 
  arenaceous 
  shales 
  and 
  thin, 
  interbedded 
  

   quartzites. 
  This 
  shallow 
  syncline 
  extends 
  southward 
  to 
  Toll- 
  

   gate 
  Canyon, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  much 
  broken, 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  sketch 
  

   made 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Gilbert.* 
  South 
  of 
  Tollgate 
  Canyon 
  there 
  

   appears 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  broad, 
  broken 
  syncline, 
  with 
  the 
  upper 
  lime- 
  

   stone 
  (No.* 
  2) 
  at 
  the 
  summit. 
  

  

  Viewing 
  the 
  White 
  Mountain 
  range 
  from 
  the 
  western 
  slope 
  of 
  

   the 
  Sierra 
  Nevada, 
  north 
  of 
  Big 
  Pine, 
  it 
  is 
  evident 
  that 
  several 
  

   transverse 
  or 
  oblique 
  faults 
  break 
  the 
  syncline 
  that 
  rests 
  on 
  the 
  

   western 
  slope 
  of 
  the 
  range. 
  The 
  strata 
  are 
  displaced 
  on 
  the 
  

   south 
  side 
  of 
  Black 
  Canyon, 
  and 
  also 
  about 
  five 
  miles 
  to 
  the 
  

   north. 
  About 
  twenty 
  miles 
  north 
  of 
  Silver 
  Canyon 
  the 
  sedi- 
  

   mentary 
  strata 
  are 
  more 
  broken 
  and 
  are 
  apparently 
  covered 
  by 
  

   eruptive 
  rocks 
  that 
  form 
  the 
  higher 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  range 
  near 
  

   White 
  Mountain 
  peak. 
  

  

  The 
  only 
  point 
  that 
  I 
  visited 
  on 
  the 
  eastern 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  range 
  

   was 
  the 
  section 
  exposed 
  on 
  the 
  northern 
  and 
  western 
  side 
  of 
  

   Deep 
  Spring 
  valley. 
  On 
  the 
  northern 
  side 
  eruptive 
  granites 
  

   conceal 
  the 
  greater 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  sedimentary 
  rocks, 
  but 
  on 
  

   the 
  western 
  side, 
  nearly 
  southwest 
  of 
  Antelope 
  Spring, 
  are 
  

   some 
  very 
  fine 
  illustrations 
  of 
  open 
  anticlinal 
  and 
  synclinal 
  

   folding. 
  This 
  is 
  shown 
  by 
  fig. 
  F. 
  

  

  * 
  Loc. 
  cit. 
  

  

  