﻿208 
  A. 
  E. 
  Verrill 
  — 
  Echinoderms 
  of 
  Northeastern 
  America. 
  

  

  fath. 
  Dredged 
  at 
  many 
  stations 
  from 
  1ST. 
  lat. 
  44° 
  56' 
  to 
  43° 
  32', 
  

   in 
  69 
  to 
  3 
  27 
  fath. 
  Its 
  range 
  extends 
  to 
  the 
  Arctic 
  Ocean, 
  Ice- 
  

   land, 
  etc. 
  

  

  ASTERIAS 
  ENOPLA, 
  Sp. 
  D.OV. 
  

  

  Rays 
  five, 
  long, 
  rather 
  slender, 
  rounded. 
  Disk 
  small. 
  Radii 
  

   7 
  mm 
  and 
  42 
  mm 
  . 
  Abactinal 
  surface 
  with 
  three 
  regular 
  rows 
  of 
  

   rather 
  long, 
  tapered, 
  acute 
  spines, 
  standing 
  singly, 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  

   median 
  row 
  slightly 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  others 
  ; 
  similar 
  spines 
  

   cover 
  the 
  disk. 
  A 
  prominent 
  double 
  lateral 
  row 
  of 
  similar 
  

   spines 
  on 
  each 
  side, 
  two 
  divergent 
  spines 
  standing 
  one 
  above 
  

   the 
  other 
  on 
  each 
  plate. 
  A 
  regular, 
  simple, 
  infero-marginal 
  

   row 
  of 
  still 
  larger, 
  rather 
  strong, 
  acute 
  spines 
  situated 
  close 
  to 
  

   the 
  adambulacral 
  series 
  ; 
  the 
  latter 
  are 
  much 
  smaller, 
  slender, 
  

   tapered, 
  acute 
  ; 
  they 
  stand 
  mostly 
  two 
  on 
  a 
  plate, 
  but 
  often 
  

   only 
  one. 
  The 
  infero-lateral 
  spines 
  bear 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  cluster 
  oi 
  

   cruciform 
  pedicellarise 
  on 
  the 
  outer 
  side 
  ; 
  the 
  superolateral 
  

   spines 
  bear 
  a 
  much 
  smaller 
  group 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  side 
  ; 
  the 
  dor- 
  

   sal 
  spines 
  are 
  mostly 
  without 
  pedicellarise. 
  Yery 
  large, 
  ovate, 
  

   acuminate, 
  rectiform 
  pedicellarise 
  are 
  scattered 
  between 
  the 
  

   spines, 
  both 
  above 
  and 
  below 
  ; 
  the 
  larger 
  ones 
  are 
  often 
  as 
  

   broad 
  as 
  the 
  adjacent 
  spines 
  ; 
  smaller 
  and 
  more 
  acute 
  ones 
  

   border 
  the 
  inner 
  edges 
  of 
  the 
  ambulacral 
  furrows. 
  The 
  papu- 
  

   lae 
  are 
  large, 
  and 
  mostly 
  stand 
  singly. 
  The 
  dorsal 
  skeleton- 
  

   plates 
  are 
  short, 
  thick, 
  and 
  stout. 
  

  

  B. 
  range, 
  53 
  to 
  100 
  fath. 
  Off 
  Nova 
  Scotia, 
  two 
  specimens. 
  

  

  Allied 
  to 
  A. 
  Gunneri 
  Kor. 
  and 
  Dan., 
  of 
  the 
  Arctic 
  Ocean, 
  

   and 
  to 
  A. 
  stellionura, 
  but 
  it 
  has 
  a 
  much 
  firmer 
  dorsal 
  skeleton 
  

   and 
  much 
  longer 
  and 
  larger 
  dorsal 
  spines 
  than 
  either 
  of 
  those 
  

   species. 
  

  

  Asterias 
  polaris 
  Verrill. 
  

  

  Asteracanthion 
  polaris 
  Mull, 
  and 
  Trosch., 
  Syst. 
  Aster., 
  p. 
  16, 
  1842; 
  Liitken, 
  

  

  Syst. 
  Overs. 
  Gronlands 
  Echinod., 
  p. 
  28, 
  1857 
  ; 
  Duncan 
  and 
  Sladen, 
  op. 
  cit., 
  

  

  p. 
  23, 
  pi 
  2, 
  figs. 
  4-8, 
  1881. 
  

   Asterias 
  polaris 
  Verrill, 
  Proc. 
  Boston 
  Soc. 
  Nat. 
  Hist., 
  vol. 
  x, 
  p. 
  356, 
  1866 
  ; 
  

  

  Liitken, 
  Vidensk. 
  Meddel. 
  nat. 
  Forening, 
  p. 
  28, 
  1871 
  ; 
  Verrill, 
  this 
  Journal, 
  

  

  vol. 
  xi, 
  p. 
  420, 
  1876; 
  K. 
  J. 
  Bush, 
  Proc. 
  U.S. 
  Nat. 
  Mus., 
  vol. 
  vi, 
  p. 
  246, 
  1883. 
  

   Asterias 
  polaris 
  and 
  A. 
  borealis 
  Perrier, 
  Stell. 
  du 
  Mus., 
  in 
  Arch. 
  Zool. 
  Exper., 
  

  

  vol. 
  iv, 
  pp. 
  322, 
  323, 
  1875. 
  

  

  B. 
  range, 
  to 
  60 
  fath. 
  George's 
  Bank 
  to 
  Greenland. 
  Com- 
  

   mon 
  from 
  low-water 
  to 
  20 
  fath. 
  at 
  Anticosti 
  I., 
  Gulf 
  of 
  St. 
  

   Lawrence, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Labrador 
  coast. 
  Taken 
  by 
  the 
  Glou- 
  

   cester 
  fishermen 
  on 
  all 
  the 
  Banks, 
  in 
  20 
  to 
  50 
  fath. 
  Dredged 
  

   by 
  the 
  U. 
  S. 
  Fish 
  Comm. 
  at 
  several 
  stations, 
  from 
  N. 
  lat. 
  45° 
  44' 
  

   to 
  45° 
  10', 
  in 
  36 
  to 
  50 
  fath. 
  

  

  This 
  species 
  almost 
  invariably 
  has 
  six 
  rays. 
  It 
  becomes 
  very 
  

   large 
  and 
  abundant 
  on 
  the 
  Labrador 
  coast 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Grand 
  

   Bank. 
  

  

  