﻿222 
  Brigham 
  — 
  Drift 
  Bowlders 
  in 
  Central 
  New 
  York. 
  

  

  found 
  from 
  forty 
  to 
  fifty 
  miles 
  south 
  of 
  that 
  line. 
  The 
  great 
  

   facility 
  with 
  which 
  this 
  rock 
  is 
  recognized, 
  its 
  character 
  so 
  

   peculiar, 
  contrasting 
  so 
  strongly 
  with 
  all 
  the 
  rocks 
  of 
  New 
  

   York, 
  its 
  layers 
  so 
  thick 
  at 
  Oriskany 
  Falls, 
  make 
  it 
  a 
  useful 
  

   rock 
  in 
  investigating 
  the 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  ancient 
  flows 
  of 
  water 
  in 
  

   that 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  country."* 
  

  

  Going 
  south 
  from 
  the 
  ledge, 
  diagonally 
  across 
  the 
  valley, 
  

   the 
  southeast 
  valley 
  wall 
  is 
  reached 
  at 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  two 
  miles. 
  

   The 
  summit 
  of 
  the 
  range 
  (D. 
  map. 
  p. 
  219) 
  is 
  three-fourths 
  of 
  a 
  

   mile 
  further 
  and 
  600 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  ledge. 
  The 
  kame 
  deposits 
  

   of 
  the 
  moraine 
  are 
  here 
  at 
  least 
  a 
  mile 
  wide, 
  banked 
  against 
  

   the 
  southeast 
  side. 
  They 
  are 
  transversely 
  cut 
  by 
  a 
  small 
  valley 
  

   heading 
  near 
  the 
  southeast 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  main 
  valley. 
  This 
  

   depression 
  in 
  the 
  moraine 
  was 
  doubtless 
  kept 
  open 
  by 
  a 
  small 
  

   ice 
  tongue 
  and 
  near 
  its 
  head, 
  but 
  still 
  on 
  the 
  moraine, 
  is 
  a 
  pro- 
  

   fuse 
  assemblage 
  of 
  large 
  Oriskany 
  bowlders 
  (at 
  B), 
  probably 
  

   the 
  last 
  of 
  the 
  train 
  to 
  come 
  to 
  rest. 
  The 
  hill-slopes 
  rising 
  

   directly 
  above 
  the 
  moraine 
  (C) 
  are 
  strewn 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  large 
  

   fragments. 
  The 
  larger 
  masses 
  and 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  greater 
  number 
  

   lie 
  on 
  the 
  lower 
  200 
  feet 
  of 
  the 
  hillside, 
  at 
  an 
  average 
  altitude 
  

   of 
  1300 
  feet, 
  continuously 
  for 
  several 
  miles 
  to 
  the 
  southwest, 
  

   (CEFG). 
  In 
  good 
  numbers 
  and 
  up 
  to 
  a 
  diameter 
  of 
  four 
  

   feet, 
  they 
  rise 
  to 
  the 
  top 
  and 
  are 
  occasionally 
  carried 
  over 
  the 
  

   summit 
  and 
  through 
  gaps 
  in 
  the 
  range, 
  to 
  the 
  further 
  slopes 
  of 
  

   another 
  valley 
  which 
  lies 
  several 
  miles 
  to 
  the 
  southeast, 
  about 
  

   Hubbardsvilfe 
  (N). 
  

  

  At 
  several 
  points 
  on 
  the 
  lower 
  hill-slope 
  referred 
  to, 
  100 
  to 
  

   150 
  bowlders 
  ranging 
  from 
  2 
  to 
  7 
  feet 
  in 
  diameter 
  can 
  be 
  

   counted 
  upon 
  a 
  single 
  acre. 
  Three 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  ledge 
  (E) 
  

   is 
  found 
  an 
  Oriskany 
  block 
  measuring 
  19x12x8 
  feet. 
  Its 
  

   altitude 
  is 
  1416 
  feet. 
  On 
  the 
  slope 
  150 
  feet 
  above 
  Madison 
  

   village 
  (F) 
  on 
  a 
  plot 
  of 
  three 
  to 
  four 
  acres, 
  86 
  Oriskany 
  masses 
  

   were 
  counted, 
  whose 
  dimensions 
  range 
  from 
  6 
  to 
  15 
  feet. 
  Of 
  

   these 
  about 
  15 
  have 
  lengths 
  and 
  breadths 
  of 
  10 
  and 
  12 
  feet. 
  

   All 
  would 
  probably 
  average 
  six 
  foot 
  cubes. 
  Many 
  smaller 
  

   bowlders, 
  not 
  included 
  in 
  the 
  count, 
  range 
  from 
  five 
  feet 
  down- 
  

   ward. 
  Six 
  four 
  foot 
  limestone 
  slabs 
  and 
  one 
  Archsean 
  of 
  like 
  

   size, 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  this 
  field 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  Oriskanys 
  had 
  been 
  

   sorted 
  and 
  grouped 
  to 
  a 
  surprising 
  degree. 
  The 
  valley 
  from 
  

   Oriskany 
  Falls 
  to 
  Pecksport 
  has 
  a 
  bearing 
  of 
  S. 
  60° 
  W., 
  or 
  at 
  

   least 
  40° 
  more 
  westerly 
  than 
  the 
  general 
  ice 
  movement. 
  The 
  

   hillsides 
  on 
  the 
  northwest 
  of 
  this 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  valley 
  are 
  free 
  

   from 
  Oriskany 
  bowlders. 
  In 
  the 
  general 
  southward 
  movement 
  

  

  * 
  For 
  other 
  early 
  discussions 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  bowlders 
  see 
  James 
  Hall, 
  Geol. 
  4th 
  

   Distr., 
  pp. 
  332-341, 
  and 
  W\ 
  W. 
  Mather, 
  Geol. 
  1st 
  Distr., 
  pp. 
  163-197. 
  The 
  latter 
  

   adds 
  a 
  review 
  of 
  bowlders 
  in 
  New 
  England, 
  the 
  Western 
  States 
  and 
  foreign 
  

   countries, 
  with 
  numerous 
  references 
  to 
  the 
  earlier 
  literature. 
  

  

  