﻿230 
  Scientific 
  Intelligence. 
  

  

  to 
  give 
  the 
  pure 
  substance 
  boiling 
  at 
  84°-85°. 
  — 
  Ber. 
  Berl. 
  Chem. 
  

   Ges., 
  xxvii, 
  3307, 
  December, 
  1894. 
  g. 
  f. 
  b. 
  

  

  3. 
  A 
  supposed 
  New 
  Element 
  in 
  the 
  Nitrogen 
  group. 
  — 
  A 
  pre- 
  

   liminary 
  note 
  has 
  been 
  published 
  by 
  Bayer 
  upon 
  a 
  supposed 
  new 
  

   element 
  which 
  he 
  has 
  discovered 
  in 
  the 
  residues 
  from 
  the 
  older 
  

   process 
  for 
  the 
  preparation 
  of 
  alumina 
  from 
  the 
  red 
  bauxite 
  of 
  

   Var. 
  After 
  removing 
  the 
  vanadium 
  as 
  ammonium 
  vanadate 
  and 
  

   the 
  chromium 
  as 
  hydrate, 
  the 
  filtered 
  liquid 
  is 
  saturated 
  with 
  

   hydrogen 
  sulphide, 
  again 
  filtered 
  and 
  the 
  sulphides 
  precipitated 
  

   by 
  hydrogen 
  chloride. 
  This 
  precipitate 
  is 
  deep 
  brown 
  in 
  color, 
  

   dries 
  to 
  an 
  earthy 
  mass 
  and 
  burns 
  readily 
  to 
  a 
  bright 
  brown 
  

   powder, 
  evolving 
  sulphur 
  dioxide. 
  It 
  ignites 
  on 
  treatment 
  with 
  

   strong 
  nitric 
  acid, 
  forming 
  a 
  dark 
  brown 
  solution, 
  which 
  deposits 
  

   a 
  small 
  quantity 
  of 
  a 
  yellow 
  precipitate 
  containing 
  molybdic 
  and 
  

   arsenic 
  acids. 
  This 
  brown 
  liquid 
  is 
  free 
  from 
  tin, 
  antimony 
  and 
  tel- 
  

   lurium, 
  but 
  contains 
  traces 
  of 
  vanadium, 
  molybdenum 
  and 
  selen- 
  

   ium. 
  These 
  are 
  removed 
  by 
  calcining 
  the 
  recently 
  precipitated 
  

   sulphides, 
  treating 
  the 
  residue 
  with 
  ammonia 
  and 
  ammonium 
  nitrate 
  

   and 
  concentration 
  of 
  the 
  solution. 
  Two 
  sets 
  of 
  crystals 
  are 
  obtained, 
  

   one 
  being 
  ammonium 
  molybdate, 
  the 
  other 
  a 
  less 
  soluble 
  substance 
  

   in 
  cubic 
  crystals 
  olive-brown 
  in 
  color. 
  By 
  dissolving 
  these 
  latter 
  

   crystals 
  in 
  hydrogen 
  chloride 
  and 
  treating 
  the 
  solution 
  with 
  

   hydrogen 
  sulphide 
  a 
  trace 
  of 
  molybdenum 
  is 
  removed. 
  Upon 
  

   allowing 
  the 
  filtered 
  liquid 
  to 
  evaporate 
  in 
  the 
  air, 
  it 
  becomes 
  at 
  

   first 
  bluish-violet 
  and 
  contains 
  the 
  new 
  element 
  in 
  a 
  lower 
  state 
  

   of 
  oxidation; 
  subsequently 
  changing 
  to 
  lemon-yellow. 
  In 
  this 
  

   condition, 
  the 
  oxide 
  is 
  markedly 
  acid, 
  corresponding 
  probably 
  

   to 
  R 
  2 
  5 
  . 
  The 
  acid 
  is 
  soluble 
  in 
  water, 
  and 
  on 
  evaporation 
  is 
  

   deposited 
  in 
  yellow 
  crystals 
  fusing 
  at 
  a 
  red 
  heat 
  to 
  a 
  brownish 
  

   mass. 
  Ammonia 
  converts 
  it 
  into 
  a 
  crystalline 
  olive-green 
  powder, 
  

   which 
  dissolves 
  in 
  water 
  and 
  crystallizes 
  out 
  in 
  cubes 
  on 
  cooling. 
  

   After 
  reduction 
  with 
  hydrogen 
  sulphide 
  in 
  presence 
  of 
  hydrogen 
  

   chloride, 
  the 
  acid 
  yields 
  a 
  voluminous 
  dark 
  violet- 
  brown 
  precipi- 
  

   tate, 
  rapidly 
  becoming 
  crystalline. 
  When 
  treated 
  with 
  ammon- 
  

   ium 
  sulphide 
  the 
  yellow 
  solution 
  of 
  the 
  acid 
  becomes 
  dark 
  cherry 
  - 
  

   red 
  from 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  a 
  sulphosalt. 
  From 
  this 
  solution 
  acids 
  

   precipitate 
  a 
  sulphide 
  of 
  the 
  color 
  of 
  iron 
  rust. 
  Silver 
  nitrate 
  

   gives 
  a 
  green 
  precipitate 
  soluble 
  in 
  nitric 
  acid 
  and 
  in 
  ammonia. 
  

   Magnesia 
  mixture 
  gives 
  a 
  green 
  precipitate 
  in 
  relatively 
  large 
  

   crystals. 
  A 
  nitric 
  solution 
  of 
  ammonium 
  molybdate 
  gives 
  a 
  yel- 
  

   low 
  precipitate 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  phosphoric 
  acid. 
  The 
  chlorides 
  

   of 
  the 
  new 
  element 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  volatile, 
  and 
  are 
  readily 
  soluble 
  

   in 
  water. 
  — 
  Bull. 
  Soc. 
  Chim., 
  Ill, 
  xi-xii, 
  1155, 
  December, 
  1894. 
  

  

  G. 
  F. 
  B. 
  

  

  4. 
  A 
  Short 
  History 
  of 
  Chemistry.— 
  Ry 
  F. 
  P. 
  Venable, 
  Ph.D., 
  

   12mo, 
  pp. 
  viii, 
  163. 
  Boston, 
  1894 
  (D. 
  C. 
  Fleath 
  & 
  Co.). 
  This 
  

   little 
  book 
  is 
  based 
  upon 
  a 
  course 
  of 
  lectures 
  which 
  the 
  author 
  

   has 
  delivered 
  for 
  several 
  years 
  to 
  his 
  classes 
  in 
  the 
  University 
  of 
  

   North 
  Carolina, 
  in 
  the 
  belief, 
  as 
  he 
  tells 
  us 
  that, 
  " 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  

   aids 
  to 
  an 
  intelligent 
  comprehension 
  of 
  the 
  science 
  of 
  chemistry 
  

  

  