﻿252 
  F. 
  B. 
  Taylor 
  — 
  Niagara 
  and 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes. 
  

  

  line 
  is 
  the 
  Nipissing 
  beach. 
  Next 
  before 
  its 
  time 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  

   marine 
  invasion 
  which 
  made 
  what 
  I 
  shall 
  call 
  the 
  Chippewa 
  

   beach. 
  This 
  beach 
  marks 
  the 
  highest 
  level 
  of 
  Warren 
  Gulf, 
  

   which 
  was 
  an 
  arm 
  of 
  the 
  sea. 
  Before 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Chip- 
  

   pewa 
  beach 
  there 
  was 
  the 
  first 
  Lake 
  Algonquin, 
  which 
  was 
  

   very 
  much 
  like 
  the 
  second 
  lake 
  of 
  that 
  name. 
  Its 
  highest 
  

   level 
  is 
  marked 
  by 
  the 
  Algonquin 
  beach. 
  This 
  beach 
  was 
  

   made 
  under 
  substantially 
  the 
  same 
  circumstances 
  as 
  the 
  

   Ni 
  pissing. 
  Before 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  Lake 
  Algonquin 
  

   there 
  was 
  a 
  considerable 
  period 
  during 
  which 
  the 
  upper 
  lakes 
  

   outflowed 
  just 
  as 
  they 
  do 
  to-day, 
  by 
  way 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Clair 
  and 
  

   Niagara 
  rivers. 
  I 
  call 
  this 
  the 
  first 
  Niagara 
  stage 
  of 
  the 
  lakes 
  

   to 
  distinguish 
  it 
  from 
  the 
  present, 
  which 
  is 
  called 
  the 
  second 
  

   Niagara 
  stage. 
  The 
  earlier 
  beaches 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  Niagara 
  lakes 
  

   were 
  made 
  at 
  comparatively 
  low 
  levels 
  in 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  were 
  

   entirely 
  obliterated 
  by 
  the 
  first 
  Lake 
  Algonquin. 
  

  

  The 
  three 
  great 
  beaches 
  named 
  in 
  their 
  order 
  are 
  the 
  Algon- 
  

   quin, 
  Chippewa 
  and 
  Nipissing. 
  Changes 
  of 
  land 
  attitude 
  

   occurred 
  in 
  the 
  long 
  interval 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  Algonquin 
  lake 
  

   epochs, 
  and 
  caused 
  the 
  difference 
  between 
  the 
  present 
  places 
  

   of 
  the 
  Algonquin 
  and 
  Nipissing 
  beaches. 
  The 
  following 
  ideal 
  

   section 
  shows, 
  in 
  a 
  general 
  way, 
  the 
  relation 
  of 
  the 
  principal 
  

   beaches. 
  

  

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  jojsjn: 
  

  

  ,„.-{— 
  - 
  

  

  

  

  

  P 
  

  

  -HURL 
  

  

  w 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  L 
  

  

  

  T 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  C 
  = 
  Chicago, 
  Fort 
  Wayne, 
  etc.; 
  P. 
  H. 
  = 
  Port 
  Huron; 
  P. 
  = 
  Petoskey; 
  N. 
  B.= 
  

   North 
  Bay; 
  L. 
  = 
  Lewiston, 
  and 
  T.=Toronto. 
  The 
  Maumee 
  beach 
  may 
  be 
  taken 
  

   to 
  represent 
  all 
  the 
  glacial 
  lake 
  beaches 
  above 
  the 
  Algonquin 
  plane. 
  The 
  latter 
  

   plane 
  rises 
  from 
  20 
  feet 
  below 
  lake 
  level 
  at 
  Port 
  Huron 
  and 
  after 
  passing 
  under 
  

   the 
  Chippewa 
  beach 
  descends 
  to 
  North 
  Bay. 
  The 
  later 
  Nipissing 
  beach 
  con- 
  

   nects 
  the 
  same 
  points, 
  but 
  without 
  having 
  any 
  marked 
  unequal 
  deformation. 
  The 
  

   Iroquois 
  and 
  Chippewa 
  beaches 
  are 
  shown 
  as 
  one 
  continuous 
  plane, 
  which 
  they 
  

   probably 
  are, 
  although 
  the 
  connection 
  from 
  Belleville 
  to 
  North 
  Bay 
  has 
  not 
  yet 
  

   been 
  traced. 
  

  

  These 
  statements 
  present 
  a 
  brief 
  outline 
  of 
  the 
  lake 
  stages 
  

   and 
  the 
  relations 
  of 
  the 
  beaches, 
  but 
  it 
  remains 
  to 
  discuss 
  the 
  

   facts 
  which 
  tend 
  to 
  establish 
  them 
  as 
  valid 
  conclusions. 
  

  

  