﻿256 
  F. 
  B. 
  Taylor 
  — 
  Niagara 
  and 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  extreme 
  north 
  side 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  passes 
  across 
  the 
  

   Height 
  of 
  Land 
  to 
  the 
  basin 
  of 
  Hudson 
  Bay. 
  That 
  at 
  Keno- 
  

   gami 
  Lake 
  is 
  said 
  by 
  Lawson 
  to 
  be 
  1102 
  feet 
  above 
  sea 
  level, 
  

   and 
  the 
  other, 
  at 
  Lake 
  Missinaibi, 
  1040 
  feet. 
  Unless 
  it 
  

   descends 
  from 
  Mt. 
  Josephine 
  100 
  feet 
  in 
  140 
  miles 
  northeast,, 
  

   the 
  Chippewa 
  beach 
  must 
  be 
  higher 
  than 
  the 
  Kenogami 
  pass, 
  

   and 
  a 
  strait 
  must 
  have 
  existed 
  there 
  to 
  Hudson 
  Bay 
  ; 
  and 
  unless 
  

   it 
  descends 
  60 
  feet 
  more 
  in 
  150 
  miles 
  east 
  to 
  the 
  Missinaibi 
  

   pass, 
  that 
  too 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  a 
  strait. 
  From 
  Mt. 
  Josephine 
  

   to 
  Sault 
  Ste. 
  Marie 
  around 
  the 
  north 
  side 
  we 
  have 
  no 
  probable 
  

   record 
  of 
  the 
  Chippewa 
  beach. 
  The 
  beach 
  at 
  the 
  • 
  former 
  

   locality 
  is 
  183 
  feet 
  higher 
  than 
  at 
  the 
  latter, 
  and 
  at 
  both 
  places 
  

   it 
  is 
  inclined 
  upward 
  to 
  the 
  north. 
  If 
  the 
  extensions 
  from 
  

   these 
  two 
  places 
  unite 
  in 
  the 
  north 
  as 
  one 
  beach, 
  it 
  is 
  obvious 
  

   that 
  the 
  part 
  extending 
  northward 
  from 
  Sault 
  Ste. 
  Marie 
  must 
  

   rise 
  more 
  rapidly 
  than 
  the 
  other. 
  This 
  supposition 
  is 
  sup- 
  

   ported 
  by 
  the 
  facts 
  in 
  each 
  locality. 
  The 
  northward 
  rise 
  from 
  

   the 
  Middle 
  Munuscong 
  Island 
  to 
  Sault 
  Ste. 
  Marie 
  is 
  over 
  four 
  

   feet 
  per 
  mile, 
  while 
  that 
  northward 
  from 
  Duluth 
  to 
  Mt. 
  

   Josephine 
  is 
  a 
  little 
  over 
  one 
  foot 
  per 
  mile. 
  The 
  pass 
  at 
  Lake 
  

   Missinaibi 
  is 
  only 
  26 
  feet 
  higher 
  than 
  the 
  Chippewa 
  beach 
  at 
  

   Sault 
  Ste. 
  Marie, 
  and 
  the 
  distance 
  is 
  about 
  120 
  miles 
  due 
  

   north. 
  

  

  These 
  considerations 
  are 
  not 
  proof. 
  But 
  they 
  are 
  strong 
  

   indications, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  the 
  best 
  we 
  can 
  do 
  in 
  our 
  present 
  

   state 
  of 
  ignorance 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  place 
  of 
  the 
  Chippewa 
  beach 
  on 
  

   the 
  north 
  Superior 
  shore. 
  The 
  strait 
  of 
  that 
  time 
  connecting 
  

   Lake 
  Superior 
  with 
  Lakes 
  Michigan 
  and 
  Huron 
  was 
  about 
  110 
  

   miles 
  wide. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Michigan-Huron- 
  Georgian 
  Bay 
  Basin. 
  — 
  At 
  the 
  

   time 
  of 
  the 
  Chippewa 
  beach 
  these 
  three 
  basins 
  were 
  all 
  united 
  

   together 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  waters 
  of 
  the 
  Superior 
  basin 
  as 
  one 
  

   great 
  gulf 
  with 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  islands 
  to 
  break 
  its 
  entire 
  stretch 
  

   from 
  Duluth 
  and 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  Green 
  Bay 
  to 
  the 
  highlands 
  

   east 
  of 
  Georgian 
  Bay. 
  Southward 
  the 
  Chippewa 
  beach 
  inter- 
  

   sects 
  the 
  Algonquin 
  beach 
  along 
  the 
  Petoskey 
  node 
  line, 
  and 
  

   the 
  two 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  physically 
  continuous. 
  The 
  most 
  critical 
  

   extension 
  of 
  the 
  Chippewa 
  plane 
  in 
  these 
  lower 
  basins 
  is 
  

   toward 
  the 
  northeast 
  from 
  Lake 
  Huron 
  and 
  Georgian 
  Bay. 
  

   In 
  that 
  direction 
  it 
  passes 
  high 
  over 
  two 
  divides, 
  making 
  

   straits 
  to 
  the 
  Ottawa 
  valley, 
  with 
  probably 
  another 
  beyond 
  to 
  

   the 
  basin 
  of 
  Hudson 
  Bay. 
  

  

  From 
  1014 
  feet 
  at 
  Sault 
  Ste. 
  Marie 
  the 
  beach 
  rises 
  to 
  about 
  

   1200 
  feet 
  at 
  Cartier 
  (130 
  miles 
  east) 
  and 
  1140 
  feet 
  at 
  JSTelson's, 
  

   jive 
  miles 
  northeast 
  of 
  North 
  Bay. 
  From 
  1000 
  feet 
  at 
  Hunts- 
  

   ville 
  the 
  beach 
  rises 
  to 
  1220 
  feet 
  at 
  South 
  Kiver 
  (35 
  miles 
  

   north), 
  and 
  probably 
  a 
  little 
  higher 
  at 
  Trout 
  Creek, 
  11 
  miles 
  

  

  