﻿260 
  F. 
  B. 
  Taylor 
  — 
  Niagara 
  and 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes. 
  

  

  1215 
  feet. 
  Every 
  probability 
  suggested 
  by 
  a 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  

   abandoned 
  shore 
  lines 
  of 
  this 
  region 
  points 
  to 
  the 
  inference 
  

   that 
  the 
  beaches 
  which 
  pass 
  north 
  from 
  Lake 
  Superior 
  and 
  

   from 
  Rainy 
  Lake 
  rise 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  toward 
  the 
  north. 
  From 
  

   Beltrami 
  Island 
  the 
  beach 
  need 
  rise 
  only 
  30 
  or 
  40 
  feet 
  to 
  clear 
  

   the 
  Seul-St. 
  Joseph 
  pass, 
  and 
  only 
  40 
  to 
  50 
  feet 
  from 
  Mt. 
  

   Josephine. 
  

  

  It 
  seems 
  to 
  me 
  that 
  the 
  two 
  planes 
  in 
  the 
  Superior 
  and 
  Win- 
  

   nipeg 
  basins 
  come 
  as 
  near 
  continuity 
  and 
  unity 
  as 
  could 
  be 
  

   expected 
  where 
  considerable 
  unequal 
  deformation 
  is 
  known 
  to 
  

   exist. 
  Whatever 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  these 
  waters 
  they 
  appear 
  to 
  

   be 
  related 
  to 
  each 
  other 
  like 
  different 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  shore 
  of 
  one 
  

   water 
  body 
  — 
  as 
  though 
  their 
  levels 
  were 
  both 
  conditioned 
  by 
  

   the 
  same 
  cause, 
  whether 
  an 
  outlet 
  river 
  or 
  the 
  plane 
  of 
  the 
  sea. 
  

  

  The 
  Hudson- 
  Champlain 
  Strait. 
  

  

  A 
  glance 
  eastward 
  from 
  Nipissing 
  pass 
  is 
  still 
  more 
  suggestive 
  

   of 
  marine 
  submergence 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  building 
  of 
  the 
  

   Chippewa 
  beach. 
  Down 
  the 
  widening 
  Ottawa 
  valley 
  to 
  the 
  

   St. 
  Lawrence 
  and 
  thence 
  to 
  the 
  sea 
  and 
  across 
  by 
  way 
  of 
  Lake 
  

   Champlain 
  and 
  the 
  Hudson 
  valley 
  the 
  water 
  must 
  have 
  

   stretched 
  in 
  one 
  simple 
  unbroken 
  sheet 
  unless 
  there 
  was 
  not 
  

   only 
  an 
  ice 
  dam 
  at 
  the 
  north, 
  but 
  a 
  contemporaneous 
  land 
  ele- 
  

   vation 
  at 
  the 
  south. 
  

  

  For 
  the 
  maintenance 
  of 
  his 
  glacial 
  lake 
  hypothesis 
  Mr. 
  

   Upham 
  has 
  found 
  a 
  pressing 
  need 
  to 
  include 
  the 
  Hudson 
  val- 
  

   ley 
  in 
  his 
  scheme. 
  For 
  if 
  it 
  were 
  proved 
  that 
  the 
  high 
  post- 
  

   glacial 
  submergence 
  in 
  that 
  valley 
  was 
  marine 
  then 
  the 
  whole 
  

   system 
  of 
  basins 
  with 
  which 
  the 
  Hudson 
  valley 
  connects 
  

   toward 
  the 
  north, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  relates 
  to 
  high 
  post-glacial 
  submer- 
  

   gence, 
  would 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  stricken 
  from 
  the 
  category 
  of 
  ice- 
  

   dammed 
  lakes. 
  Hence 
  Mr. 
  Upham 
  had 
  to 
  suppose, 
  besides 
  

   an 
  ice 
  dam 
  at 
  the 
  north, 
  an 
  extensive 
  elevation 
  of 
  the 
  sub- 
  

   merged 
  coastal 
  plain 
  50 
  to 
  100 
  miles 
  southeast 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  

   and 
  also 
  off 
  the 
  east 
  end 
  of 
  Long 
  Island. 
  Merrill 
  has 
  found 
  

   the 
  marks 
  of 
  post-glacial 
  submergence 
  rising 
  northward 
  from 
  

   75 
  to 
  80 
  feet 
  above 
  sea 
  level 
  at 
  New 
  York 
  to 
  210 
  feet 
  at 
  Fish- 
  

   kill 
  and 
  340 
  feet 
  at 
  Schenectady.* 
  Davis's 
  Catskill 
  deltas 
  lie 
  

   in 
  the 
  same 
  plane 
  and 
  Mather's 
  sand 
  plains 
  extend 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  

   Champlain 
  basin, 
  where 
  Hitchcock, 
  Baldwin 
  and 
  the 
  writer 
  

   have 
  traced 
  high-level 
  submergence 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  Canada 
  line. 
  

   This 
  plane 
  produced 
  southward 
  strikes 
  sea 
  level 
  40 
  to 
  50 
  miles 
  

   south 
  of 
  New 
  York, 
  where 
  the 
  old 
  submerged 
  Hudson 
  river 
  chan- 
  

   nel 
  is 
  now 
  over 
  200 
  feet 
  under 
  water. 
  The 
  passage 
  southeast- 
  

  

  * 
  "Post-glacial 
  History 
  of 
  the 
  Hudson 
  River 
  Valley," 
  by 
  F. 
  J. 
  H. 
  Merrill, 
  this 
  

   Journal, 
  III, 
  vol. 
  xli, 
  June, 
  1S91. 
  

  

  