﻿F. 
  B. 
  Taylor 
  — 
  Niagara 
  and 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes. 
  265 
  

  

  east 
  side 
  and 
  Gravelly 
  point 
  on 
  the 
  west, 
  which 
  may 
  also 
  be, 
  

   as 
  Spencer 
  makes 
  them 
  conjecturally, 
  nodal 
  points. 
  But 
  this 
  

   has 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  established 
  as 
  a 
  fact 
  by 
  observation. 
  

  

  From 
  20 
  feet 
  below 
  lake 
  level 
  at 
  Sarnia 
  to 
  the 
  Nipissing 
  

   pass 
  is 
  a 
  rise 
  of 
  140 
  feet 
  (40 
  feet, 
  as 
  before, 
  deducted 
  from 
  

   altitude 
  of 
  Nipissing 
  pass 
  for 
  recent 
  local 
  uplift). 
  The 
  north- 
  

   ward 
  distance 
  being 
  about 
  235 
  miles, 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  rise 
  is 
  about 
  

   seven 
  inches 
  per 
  mile. 
  Southampton 
  is 
  125 
  miles 
  north 
  of 
  

   Sarnia 
  and 
  50 
  miles 
  east. 
  Kirkfield 
  is 
  140 
  miles 
  east 
  and 
  

   six 
  miles 
  north 
  of 
  Southampton. 
  The 
  Algonquin 
  beach 
  rises 
  

   northward 
  from 
  Lorneville 
  to 
  Kirkfield 
  60 
  feet 
  in 
  15 
  miles, 
  

   and 
  it 
  descends 
  from 
  Kirkfield 
  to 
  Southampton 
  161 
  feet. 
  

   Taking 
  off 
  24 
  feet 
  for 
  the 
  greater 
  distance 
  of 
  Kirkfield 
  north 
  

   makes 
  137 
  feet 
  descent 
  westward 
  in 
  140 
  miles 
  to 
  Southampton. 
  

   This 
  descent 
  continued 
  50 
  miles 
  farther 
  west 
  to 
  the 
  meridian 
  

   of 
  Sarnia 
  passes 
  82 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  lake, 
  whereas 
  the 
  Sarnia- 
  

   Nipissing 
  plane 
  is 
  19 
  feet 
  lower 
  — 
  63 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  lake 
  at 
  

   the 
  same 
  point. 
  As 
  compared 
  with 
  this 
  plane 
  the 
  Algonquin 
  

   beach 
  is 
  69 
  feet 
  too 
  high 
  at 
  Southampton, 
  130 
  feet 
  at 
  Lorne- 
  

   ville, 
  190 
  feet 
  at 
  Kirkfield, 
  and 
  334 
  feet 
  at 
  fluntsville. 
  The 
  

   same 
  comparison 
  shows 
  that 
  the 
  beach 
  at 
  Petoskey 
  is 
  only 
  five 
  

   or 
  six 
  feet 
  higher, 
  and 
  that 
  at 
  Cedar 
  river 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  shore 
  

   of 
  Green 
  Bay 
  is 
  about 
  34 
  feet 
  lower. 
  The 
  Algonquin 
  plane 
  

   produced 
  from 
  Cedar 
  river 
  and 
  Petoskey 
  to 
  Huntsville, 
  275 
  

   miles 
  east, 
  would 
  be 
  90 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  Sarnia-Nipissing 
  plane. 
  

   It 
  seems 
  certain 
  that 
  the 
  Algonquin 
  beach 
  was 
  originally 
  formed 
  

   very 
  nearly 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  plane, 
  and 
  the 
  present 
  departure 
  

   from 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  measure 
  of 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  subsequent 
  unequal 
  

   deformation. 
  

  

  These 
  facts 
  show 
  how 
  great 
  is 
  the 
  eastward 
  element 
  of 
  

   deformation 
  east 
  of 
  Lake 
  Huron 
  and 
  Georgian 
  Bay. 
  The 
  

   northward 
  uplift 
  appears 
  also 
  to 
  be 
  irregular, 
  especially 
  farther 
  

   north, 
  as 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  Chippewa 
  beach. 
  All 
  this 
  deformation, 
  

   less 
  that 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  later 
  Champlatn 
  uplift, 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  

   occurred 
  after 
  the 
  Chippewa 
  beach 
  and 
  before 
  the 
  Nipissing. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  the 
  present 
  sum 
  of 
  the 
  facts 
  which 
  bear 
  directly 
  

   upon 
  the 
  first 
  Lake 
  Algonquin, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  relates 
  to 
  the 
  evidence 
  

   in 
  the 
  upper 
  lake 
  basins, 
  and 
  if 
  this 
  were 
  all 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  

   the 
  lake 
  as 
  one 
  with 
  a 
  two-outlet 
  stage 
  like 
  the 
  second 
  Lake 
  

   Algonquin 
  would 
  remain 
  in 
  some 
  doubt. 
  But 
  there 
  are 
  facts 
  

   connected 
  with 
  the 
  Niagara 
  gorge 
  and 
  Warren 
  Gulf 
  which 
  

   define 
  the 
  conditions 
  which 
  existed 
  just 
  before 
  and 
  just 
  after 
  

   the 
  supposed 
  first 
  Lake 
  Algonquin 
  so 
  clearly 
  that 
  theoretical 
  

   considerations 
  show 
  that 
  this 
  lake 
  must 
  have 
  existed 
  in 
  the 
  

   interval. 
  These 
  will 
  be 
  presented 
  briefly 
  later. 
  

  

  Am. 
  Jour. 
  Sci.— 
  Third 
  Series, 
  Yol. 
  XLIX, 
  No. 
  292.— 
  April, 
  1805. 
  

   18 
  

  

  