﻿272 
  Preston 
  — 
  Direction 
  of 
  Gravity 
  in 
  the 
  Hawaiian 
  Is. 
  

  

  on 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  Haleakala 
  (10,000 
  feet 
  elevation) 
  at 
  Pakaoao 
  

   appears 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  normal 
  one 
  for 
  that 
  island. 
  Judging 
  by 
  anal- 
  

   ogy 
  there 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  no 
  reasonable 
  doubt 
  that 
  Oahu 
  would 
  

   have 
  shown 
  the 
  same 
  thing 
  had 
  a 
  station 
  been 
  made 
  on 
  the 
  

   summit 
  between 
  Kahuku 
  and 
  Puuloa. 
  

  

  The 
  mean 
  deflection 
  for 
  each 
  of 
  the 
  islands 
  (leaving 
  out 
  Ka 
  

   Lae 
  on 
  the 
  island 
  of 
  Hawaii) 
  is 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Hawaii 
  27" 
  

  

  Maui 
  29 
  

  

  Oahu.. 
  26 
  

  

  When 
  we 
  come 
  to 
  compare 
  the 
  mean 
  latitudes 
  for 
  each 
  

   island 
  with 
  one 
  another 
  we 
  And 
  that 
  Maui 
  is 
  too 
  small 
  whether 
  

   judged 
  by 
  the 
  Hawaii 
  or 
  the 
  Oahu 
  standard. 
  The 
  amount 
  is 
  

   nearly 
  the 
  same 
  in 
  either 
  case 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  most 
  probable 
  assump- 
  

   tion 
  is 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  preponderance 
  of 
  matter 
  deflecting 
  the 
  

   plumb-line 
  to 
  the 
  northward 
  at 
  all 
  the 
  Maui 
  stations. 
  This 
  

   supposition 
  has 
  been 
  made 
  by 
  Professor 
  Alexander 
  and 
  seems 
  

   to 
  be 
  the 
  most 
  rational 
  interpretation 
  of 
  the 
  results. 
  The 
  fol- 
  

   lowing 
  table 
  has 
  been 
  furnished 
  by 
  him 
  and 
  is 
  inserted 
  here 
  

   with 
  his 
  permission. 
  

  

  Hawaiian 
  Latitudes. 
  

  

  Stations. 
  

  

  Astronomical. 
  

  

  Geodetic. 
  

  

  DlFF. 
  

  

  Matlsa 
  Kea 
  

   Standard. 
  

  

  DlFF. 
  

  

  Oahu 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  Kahuku 
  

  

  21° 
  

  

  43' 
  06"-l 
  

  

  21° 
  

  

  42' 
  16"-1 
  

  

  + 
  50"-0 
  

  

  21° 
  42' 
  43"-2 
  

  

  + 
  22'-9 
  

  

  Puuloa 
  

  

  21 
  

  

  19 
  15 
  -6 
  

  

  21 
  

  

  19 
  11 
  -8 
  

  

  + 
  3-8 
  

  

  21 
  19 
  38 
  -9 
  

  

  -23 
  -3 
  

  

  Honolulu 
  

  

  21 
  

  

  18 
  02-5 
  

  

  21 
  

  

  18 
  02 
  -3 
  

  

  + 
  0-2 
  

  

  21 
  18 
  29 
  -6 
  

  

  -27 
  -1 
  

  

  Waikiki 
  

  

  21 
  

  

  16 
  24 
  -5 
  

  

  21 
  

  

  16 
  26 
  -8 
  

  

  -2-3 
  

  

  21 
  16 
  53 
  -9 
  

  

  -29 
  -4 
  

  

  Maui 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  Lahaina 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  52 
  22 
  -8 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  52 
  53 
  -2 
  

  

  -30 
  -4 
  

  

  20 
  52 
  34 
  '5 
  

  

  -11 
  -7 
  

  

  Haiku 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  56 
  02 
  -6 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  56 
  04 
  -0 
  

  

  -1-4 
  

  

  20 
  55 
  45 
  -3 
  

  

  + 
  17 
  -3 
  

  

  Pakaoao 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  42 
  51 
  -0 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  43 
  21 
  -6 
  

  

  -30 
  -6 
  

  

  20 
  43 
  02 
  -9 
  

  

  -11 
  -9 
  

  

  Kaupo 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  36 
  40 
  -8 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  37 
  41 
  -0 
  

  

  — 
  60 
  -2 
  

  

  20 
  37 
  22 
  -3 
  

  

  -41 
  -5 
  

  

  Hana 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  45 
  38 
  -9 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  45 
  47 
  -5 
  

  

  -8-6 
  

  

  20 
  45 
  28 
  -8 
  

  

  + 
  10 
  -i 
  

  

  Hawaii 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  Kohala 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  15 
  29 
  -3 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  15 
  17 
  -7 
  

  

  + 
  11 
  -6 
  

  

  20 
  14 
  59 
  -0 
  

  

  + 
  30- 
  3 
  

  

  Kawaihae 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  02 
  05 
  9 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  02 
  25 
  -1 
  

  

  -19 
  '2 
  

  

  20 
  02 
  06 
  -4 
  

  

  -00- 
  5 
  

  

  Mauna 
  Kea__ 
  

  

  19 
  

  

  48 
  52 
  -0 
  

  

  19 
  

  

  49 
  10 
  -7 
  

  

  -18 
  '7 
  

  

  19 
  48 
  52 
  -0 
  

  

  ±00- 
  

  

  Kalaieha 
  

  

  19 
  

  

  42 
  02 
  -6 
  

  

  19 
  

  

  42 
  33 
  5 
  

  

  -30 
  -9 
  

  

  19 
  42 
  14 
  -8 
  

  

  -12- 
  2 
  

  

  Hilo 
  

  

  19 
  

  

  43 
  11 
  -2 
  

  

  19 
  

  

  43 
  30 
  -4 
  

  

  -19 
  -2 
  

  

  19 
  43 
  11 
  7 
  

  

  -00- 
  5 
  

  

  Kailua 
  

  

  19 
  

  

  38 
  20 
  9 
  

  

  19 
  

  

  39 
  03 
  -8 
  

  

  — 
  42 
  -9 
  

  

  19 
  38 
  45 
  -1 
  

  

  -24- 
  2 
  

  

  Ka 
  Lae 
  

  

  18 
  

  

  53 
  51 
  -7 
  

  

  18 
  

  

  55 
  17 
  -7 
  

  

  -86 
  -0 
  

  

  18 
  54 
  59 
  -0 
  

  

  -67-3 
  

  

  The 
  astronomical 
  latitudes 
  were 
  determined 
  by 
  myself 
  in 
  

   1883, 
  1887 
  and 
  1891-'92, 
  using 
  the 
  method 
  of 
  equal 
  zenith 
  

   distances. 
  The 
  average 
  probable 
  error 
  of 
  a 
  result 
  for 
  each 
  

   station 
  was 
  rhO^'10. 
  For 
  the 
  details 
  of 
  this 
  work 
  see 
  Appen- 
  

   dix, 
  "No. 
  14, 
  U. 
  S. 
  Coast 
  and 
  Geodetic 
  Survey 
  Eeport 
  for 
  1888. 
  

   Determinations 
  of 
  Latitude 
  and 
  Gravity 
  for 
  the 
  Hawaiian 
  

   Government. 
  

  

  