﻿Chalmers 
  — 
  Glacial 
  Lake 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  of 
  Ujpham. 
  273 
  

  

  Art. 
  XXIII. 
  — 
  On 
  the 
  Glacial 
  Lake 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  of 
  Pro- 
  

   fessor 
  Warren 
  (Jpham 
  / 
  by 
  Robert 
  Chalmers, 
  of 
  the 
  

   Geological 
  Survey 
  of 
  Canada. 
  

  

  In 
  an 
  article 
  in 
  this 
  Journal 
  for 
  January, 
  1895, 
  entitled 
  

   " 
  Late 
  Glacial 
  or 
  Champlain 
  Subsidence 
  and 
  Re-elevation 
  of 
  

   the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  River 
  Basin," 
  Mr. 
  Warren 
  Upham 
  continues 
  

   his 
  discussions 
  respecting 
  hypothetical 
  glacial 
  lakes 
  and 
  glacial 
  

   dams, 
  and 
  in 
  endeavoring 
  to 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  raised 
  beaches 
  in 
  

   the 
  region 
  of 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes, 
  etc., 
  postulates 
  still 
  another 
  

   glacial 
  lake 
  in 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  valley 
  between 
  Lake 
  Ontario 
  

   and 
  Quebec, 
  held 
  in 
  by 
  a 
  glacial 
  dam 
  at 
  or 
  near 
  the 
  latter 
  place. 
  

   To 
  this 
  sheet 
  of 
  water 
  he 
  gives 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  

   Lake. 
  Permit 
  me 
  to 
  offer 
  a 
  few 
  facts 
  and 
  inferences 
  touching 
  

   the 
  question 
  of 
  this 
  ice-dam 
  and 
  lake. 
  

  

  (1.) 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  evidence 
  of 
  a 
  thick 
  mass 
  of 
  ice 
  having 
  occu- 
  

   pied 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  valley 
  at 
  Quebec 
  in 
  the 
  Pleistocene 
  period. 
  

   For 
  the 
  last 
  ten 
  years 
  the 
  writer 
  has, 
  at 
  intervals, 
  been 
  investi- 
  

   gating 
  the 
  glacial 
  phenomena 
  and 
  the 
  post-glacial 
  shore 
  lines, 
  

   etc., 
  of 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  valley, 
  especially 
  

   between 
  Metis 
  and 
  the 
  Chaudiere 
  river. 
  During 
  the 
  past 
  sum- 
  

   mer 
  the 
  work 
  was 
  revised 
  and 
  extended 
  to 
  the 
  higher 
  grounds 
  

   of 
  the 
  ]^"otre 
  Dame 
  Mountains 
  in 
  Quebec, 
  and 
  also 
  to 
  northern 
  

   Xew 
  Brunswick 
  and 
  northeastern 
  Maine. 
  The 
  results 
  do 
  not 
  

   afford 
  any 
  proofs 
  of 
  the 
  movement 
  of 
  a 
  great 
  ice-sheet 
  over 
  

   this 
  region 
  at 
  any 
  time 
  during 
  the 
  glacial 
  period 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  con- 
  

   trary, 
  the 
  glacial 
  phenomena 
  on 
  the 
  slopes 
  and 
  higher 
  grounds 
  

   seem 
  to 
  be 
  entirely 
  due 
  to 
  local 
  sheets 
  of 
  land-ice, 
  of 
  greater 
  or 
  

   less 
  extent, 
  moving 
  in 
  different 
  directions, 
  the 
  course, 
  on 
  the 
  

   slope 
  facing 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence, 
  being 
  mainly 
  northward. 
  In 
  

   the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  valley, 
  however, 
  a 
  northeast 
  

   and 
  southwest 
  set 
  of 
  striae 
  occurs, 
  which 
  seems 
  referable 
  to 
  the 
  

   action 
  of 
  floating 
  ice. 
  

  

  The 
  theory 
  that 
  the 
  later 
  ice 
  movements 
  obliterated 
  the 
  ear- 
  

   lier 
  strige 
  does 
  not 
  find 
  any 
  support 
  from 
  the 
  facts 
  obtained 
  on 
  

   the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  my 
  examinations 
  

   have 
  extended. 
  The 
  glaciated 
  surfaces 
  everywhere 
  exhibit 
  

   criss-cross 
  striae, 
  in 
  fact 
  these 
  are 
  the 
  rule 
  rather 
  than 
  the 
  

   exception. 
  The 
  later 
  sets, 
  whether 
  made 
  by 
  separate 
  glaciers, 
  

   or 
  by 
  succeeding 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  sheet 
  conforming 
  more 
  

   closely 
  to 
  the 
  minor 
  topographical* 
  features 
  as 
  it 
  decreased 
  in 
  

   thickness, 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  earlier 
  striae 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  effaced 
  by 
  

   later 
  ice, 
  except, 
  perhaps 
  to 
  a 
  very 
  limited 
  extent 
  on 
  exposed 
  

   bosses." 
  

  

  * 
  In 
  Mr. 
  Upham's 
  review 
  of 
  the 
  third 
  edition 
  of 
  " 
  The 
  Great 
  Ice 
  Age 
  " 
  by 
  Prof. 
  

   James 
  Geikie 
  (Am. 
  Geologist, 
  Jan., 
  1895, 
  p. 
  52), 
  he 
  states 
  that 
  "the 
  northward 
  

  

  