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  Chalmers 
  — 
  Glacial 
  Lake 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  of 
  Upham. 
  

  

  The 
  glaciation 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  flank 
  of 
  the 
  Laurentide 
  Range 
  

   on 
  the 
  north 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  river 
  at 
  Quebec 
  seems 
  to 
  

   be 
  of 
  much 
  the 
  same 
  character 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  

   river. 
  Mr. 
  A. 
  P. 
  Low, 
  of 
  this 
  survey, 
  who 
  has 
  examined 
  this 
  

   district 
  in 
  some 
  detail, 
  gives 
  a 
  list 
  of 
  striae 
  in 
  the 
  Annual 
  Re- 
  

   port 
  of 
  the 
  Geological 
  Survey 
  of 
  Canada, 
  vol. 
  v, 
  page 
  48L, 
  

   from 
  which 
  it 
  appears 
  that 
  the 
  ice 
  movements 
  were 
  quite 
  

   divergent 
  in 
  that 
  particular 
  locality. 
  The 
  Laurentide 
  ice-sheet 
  

   does 
  not 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  descended 
  into 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  valley 
  

   there, 
  unless 
  as 
  broken, 
  detached 
  glaciers. 
  The 
  smaller 
  river 
  

   valleys 
  and 
  the 
  slopes 
  have 
  also 
  influenced 
  the 
  ice-flow 
  on 
  the 
  

   north 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side. 
  

   Some 
  of 
  the 
  narrow 
  valleys 
  between 
  the 
  ridges 
  which 
  trend 
  

   along 
  the 
  foot 
  hills, 
  and 
  are 
  parallel 
  thereto, 
  have 
  caused 
  local 
  

   glaciers 
  to 
  move 
  northeastwardly 
  in 
  certain 
  places, 
  in 
  others 
  

   southwestwardly. 
  No 
  single 
  dominant 
  course 
  was 
  observed. 
  

  

  (2.) 
  In 
  Mr. 
  Upham's 
  map 
  (Plate 
  I) 
  he 
  gives 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  

   the 
  striae 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  below 
  Quebec 
  

   as 
  northeastward. 
  Has 
  he 
  examined 
  this 
  region 
  himself? 
  If 
  

   not, 
  on 
  whose 
  authority 
  has 
  he 
  reversed 
  the 
  courses 
  of 
  the 
  

   striae 
  there, 
  these 
  being 
  shown 
  on 
  Sir 
  Wm. 
  Dawson's 
  map 
  

   (The 
  Canadian 
  Ice 
  Age, 
  page 
  150) 
  as 
  pointing 
  southwestward, 
  

   and 
  are 
  supposed 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  produced 
  by 
  floating 
  ice 
  mov- 
  

   ing 
  up 
  the 
  valley 
  ? 
  The 
  author's 
  information 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  these 
  

   striae, 
  from 
  whatever 
  source 
  it 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  obtained, 
  is 
  

   incorrect. 
  No 
  general 
  sheet 
  of 
  land 
  ice 
  flowed 
  to 
  the 
  north- 
  

   eastward 
  in 
  that 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  valley. 
  All 
  the 
  

   striae 
  in 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  valley 
  trending 
  northeast 
  and 
  south- 
  

   west 
  are 
  regarded 
  as 
  due 
  to 
  floating 
  ice, 
  and 
  were 
  produced 
  in 
  

   the 
  last 
  stage 
  of 
  the 
  glacial 
  period 
  when 
  the 
  land 
  stood 
  at 
  a 
  

   lower 
  level. 
  In 
  a 
  few 
  instances 
  the 
  southwest 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  

   bosses 
  are 
  stossed 
  by 
  this, 
  floating 
  ice 
  as 
  it 
  moved 
  down 
  stream 
  

   but 
  the 
  principal 
  movement 
  was 
  up 
  stream. 
  This 
  system 
  of 
  

   striation 
  is 
  traceable 
  along 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  valley 
  from 
  Metis, 
  

   or 
  lower 
  down, 
  westward 
  to 
  Montreal. 
  

  

  (3.) 
  No 
  lacustrine 
  deposits 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  anywhere 
  in 
  the 
  

   St. 
  Lawrence 
  valley 
  beneath 
  the 
  Leda 
  clay, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  investiga- 
  

   tions 
  have 
  been 
  made. 
  

  

  glacial 
  flow 
  from 
  northern 
  New 
  England 
  towards 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence, 
  as 
  suggested 
  

   by 
  Chalmers, 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  belonged 
  only 
  to 
  a 
  very 
  late 
  stage 
  when 
  the 
  melt- 
  

   ing 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  in 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  valley, 
  proceeding 
  faster 
  than 
  on 
  the 
  moun- 
  

   tainous 
  area 
  at 
  the 
  south, 
  left 
  there 
  a 
  large 
  isolated 
  remnant 
  of 
  the 
  departing 
  ice- 
  

   sheet." 
  I 
  have 
  nowhere 
  stated 
  that 
  I 
  regard 
  the 
  northward 
  ice-flow 
  referred 
  to 
  

   as 
  belonging 
  to 
  a 
  very 
  late 
  stage 
  of 
  the 
  glacial 
  period 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  contrary, 
  I 
  hold 
  

   that 
  wherever 
  the 
  northward 
  ice-movements 
  occurred 
  they 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  maxi- 
  

   mum 
  stage 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  age 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  melting 
  or 
  later 
  stage 
  ; 
  but 
  my 
  own 
  

   observations 
  have 
  not 
  extended 
  further 
  west 
  than 
  Lake 
  Megantic. 
  

  

  