﻿408 Scientific Intelligence. 



highlands, those of the chief part of the Blue Ridge, of the 

 Highlands of New Jersey and New York, and of various scattered 

 areas over the higher parts of western New England. If these 

 Archaean lands were largely covered at the close of the Paleozoic 

 era — not a probable supposition for many parts — they were cer- 

 tainly not so during the earlier part, the deposits of which are 

 now below the level of the Archaaan lands. 



Such facts show that neither the Arctic regions nor any Atlantic 

 continent could have contributed essentially to the growing de- 

 posits. Further, the latest results of study among these older 

 deposits satisfy the writer, as it has others, that the origin of the 

 material can be found in the adjoining Archaean of the Eastern 

 Border region; and that the sand reefs and some of the shore 

 lines of the successive periods will be more and more thoroughly 

 traced out over the continent as investigation goes forward: 

 work that was begun and carried well forward when the Pro- 

 fessors Rogers, in Pennsylvania and Virginia, and Emmons, Hall, 

 Vanuxem and Mather in New York, made their early investiga- 

 tions nearly fifty years since. j. d. d. 



3. Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Pennsylvania 

 for 1885 ; by the State Geologist. 770 pp. 8vo, with 18 plates 

 and many wood-cuts, and an atlas of 8 folded sheets. — The general 

 introduction to this Report bj the State Geologist, Professor 

 Lesley, has been noticed on page 162 of this volume. Following 

 this, the volume contains a Preliminary report on Oil and Gas, 

 by John F. Carle; on the vegetable origin of Coal, by L. Les- 

 quereux; on the re-survey of the Pittsburgh Coal-region; by 

 E. Y. d'Invilliers ; on the Coal-beds and fire-clays of the Welles- 

 burg Basin, by J. P. Lesley, with a special report on fire-clay, 

 by E. B. Harden; on the Coal-bed in the Pocono formation, No. 

 X, Second Report of Progress in the Anthracite Coal-region, 

 Part II, on the Brandywine Summit Kaolin beds, and on the 

 Archbald pot-holes, by C. A. Ashburner; on the fossils of the 

 Wyoming Valley limestone beds, by A. Heilprin; on the Corn- 

 wall ore mines, Lebanon Co., by J. P. Lesley and E. V. d'Invil- 

 liers ; on the origin and distribution of the Delaware and Chester 

 Kaolin deposits, by J. P. Lesley ; General Considerations of the 

 pressure, quantity, composition and fuel value of Rock-gas of 

 Pennsylvania, by J. P. Lesley; on the buried Wyoming Valley, 

 by F. A. Hill ; on a substance resembling dopplerite, by H. C. 

 Lewis ; Progress of the geodetic triangulation of .Pennsylvania, 

 by M. Merriman. 



The reports in this volume present a general review of many 

 subjects connected with the geology of Pennsylvania, in order to 

 exhibit especially, the great value and extent of the work done, 

 correct popular errors by full explanations, and give general 

 results in connection with the coal, oil, gas, fire-clays, and other 

 products studied by the Survey. Moreover, figures are given of 

 many marine fossils from limestone beds in the coal formation, and 

 a considerable number from the Wyoming anthracite region. It is 



