BOTANY. 21 



predominating- forms arc not only coniferous evergreens, but consist 

 mainly of Spruce, Hemlock, and Balsam — all representatives of the 

 genus Abies. Tall Pines, at intervals, rear their lofty summits above 

 the level of surrounding tree-tops, fragrant Cedars overhang the lake- 

 shores and swamps, delicate Tamaracks wave over the soft grassy 

 bottoms of Beaver meadows, dense thickets of tangled Alders border 

 many of the streams and rivers, hardy Birches and light Poplars are 

 scattered sparingly upon the mountain-sides and in the valleys, and 

 areas of hard timber, indicating second growth, mark tracts that have 

 been bared by fire, wind, or the woodman's axe. These hardwood 

 areas are readily distinguished, at a distance, by the marked contrast 

 afforded by the light color and different aspect of the foliage, in sum- 

 mer, and by their nakedness in winter. They are composed, chiefly, 

 of Maple, Beech, and Birch. 



The common forest trees of the Adirondacks are : the American 

 Linden or Bass Wood {^Tili a Americana), Sugar Maple i^Acer sac- 

 char imini), Black Sugar Maple [A. saccJiarimun nioriwi), Red or 

 Swamp Maple {^A, rubruni), Black Cherry {^Prunics scroti 7ia), Beech, 

 i^Fagus femiginea^. Iron Wood [Ostrya Virgiiiica), Cherry Birch 

 [Betida lentd). Yellow Birch (/i*. hciea), Paper or Canoe Birch [B. pa- 

 Pyracea), American Aspen i^Populus trenudoides). Large-toothed As- 

 pen i^P. grandidcidatd). White Pine i^Pinus strobus), Red or " Nor- 

 way" Pine [P. resinosa — common only in certain localities, not gen- 

 erally distributed). Black Spruce [Abies nigra), White Spruce [A. 

 alba), Hemlock {^A. Canadensis), Balsam F"ir i^A. balsamea). Tamarack 

 or Larch [Larix Americana), White Cedar or Arbor Vitae ( Thuja 

 occidentalis). Besides these occur the following, which are rare, or 

 are common only along the borders of the region : Locust i^Robinia 

 pscndacacia). White Ash i^Fraximis Afucricana), I^lack Ash (/\ sam- 

 bucifolia). Elm [Uhnics Americana), Slippery P^lm [U.fidva), Butter- 

 nut [yicglans cinerea). Swamp Hickory i^Carya amara), three or more 

 Oaks [Querc7is), Balsam Poplar or Tacamahac [Popnlus balsa^nifera). 

 Pitch Pine i^Pimis rigida), and Juniper {yiinipcriis Virgi7iiana). 



