22 



June to July 1st, and on the days between those dates they left in great 

 clouds. The favorable winds for them seemed to be from north, northwest 

 or northeast. They seemed inclined to go southwest. 



From July 1st until now the hoppers have been seeu flying overhead nearly 

 every day, moving with the wind, most numerous always with northerly 

 wind. These alighted only once or twice in July, but only in small numbers, 

 and remained only a short time. 



On Saturday, July 22d, very dense clouds passed over, (some so low as 

 almost to darken the atmosphere,) with a northeast wind. They were 

 going west. I have since learned that they rose from Minnesota, from the 

 State line eastward. 



On Saturday, August 5th, very great swarms passed from west to east. 

 At that time many alighted on the prairies, but not many in the settlement. 

 The next morning, Sunday, I drove from Medary to Oakwood, about 18 

 miles north, and when about half way, I could see, for a distance of thirty 

 miles up and down the valley of the river, dense clouds of hoppers rising. 

 I have since learned that they extended more than 40 miles south of here, 

 and I know more than 20 miles north, making a belt more than sixty miles 

 wide. 



" These I note as remarkable displays of hoppers. They could be seen 

 every day, in what any reasonable man would call sufficient numbers. No 

 eggs were laid in this couuty so far as heard from."— Rev. G. S. Codington. 



Flandrau, Moody county, D. T. (opposite Pipestone couuty, Minn.) Sept. 

 12, 1876.—" A few hoppers hatched here, but did little damage, and flew to 

 the south and southwest with the army which came over in July. 



"The first flying over came about the 21st of July, from a northeast 

 course, and that was the time they visited our crops and made a general 

 raid. Since that time to the first of September, they have been flying more 

 or less, but have done no great harm. 



August 6.— "They passed over iu large swarms to the southeast. These 

 did us little harm. They have laid eggs to a limited extent in our coun- 

 ty."— M. D. L. Pettigrew. 



It will be seen from this that swarms from some source or other 

 began to cross the state line to the eastward on July 8th, at Pem- 

 bina, and that, as a general rule, the date of arrival of large 

 swarms becomes later in the season the farther southward the 

 point of arrival moves. And all these are only the incomings of 

 swarms noticed at prominent points on the border; how many 

 more have crossed or recrossed at other places where there was no 

 one to report their comings, can only be guessed at from the im- 

 mense clouds that have rolled over the state, passing and repassing 

 each other to the south and east, from the 20th of July to the first 

 week of September. At least one large swarm, in addition to 

 those already recorded, must have entered somewhere to the north- 

 west of Douglas county, shortly before the 18th of August. But 

 whatever form or continuity these bodies may have had before 



