﻿THE 
  VINDHYANS. 
  17 
  

  

  Jobat 
  and 
  Balwari 
  strata 
  and 
  the 
  high 
  inclination 
  of 
  the 
  transition 
  series 
  

   is 
  very 
  marked. 
  

  

  Unconformable 
  to 
  the 
  metamorphics 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  cretaceons 
  beds, 
  

   the 
  " 
  red 
  rock," 
  which 
  has 
  puzzled 
  me 
  for 
  two 
  seasons, 
  may, 
  I 
  think, 
  be 
  

   referred 
  to 
  the 
  Vindhyans 
  with 
  more 
  show 
  of 
  probability 
  than 
  to 
  the 
  

   Bijawars. 
  Mr. 
  Blanford 
  also 
  remarks 
  : 
  " 
  It 
  is, 
  of 
  course, 
  possible 
  that 
  

   this 
  singular 
  jaspideous 
  rock, 
  which 
  is 
  evidently 
  nearly 
  horizontal, 
  may 
  

   be 
  newer 
  than 
  the 
  Bijawars." 
  

  

  Relations 
  to 
  older 
  rocks, 
  lithology, 
  fyc, 
  — 
  The 
  relation 
  of 
  the 
  Vindhyans 
  

   to 
  the 
  older 
  rocks 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  total 
  unconformity. 
  In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  

   metamorphics 
  the 
  Billora 
  section 
  (between 
  Mandhata 
  and 
  Mortakka) 
  

   shows 
  this 
  clearly. 
  Several 
  good 
  sections 
  showing 
  unconformable 
  super- 
  

   position 
  on 
  the 
  Bijawars 
  are 
  also 
  exposed, 
  as 
  near 
  Jhirpania 
  in 
  the 
  

   Dhar 
  forest, 
  at 
  Boria 
  and 
  Matni, 
  south-west 
  and 
  west 
  of 
  Chandgarh 
  

   respectively, 
  near 
  Pamakheri 
  (a 
  mile 
  north-east 
  of 
  the 
  village), 
  &c. 
  

  

  The 
  Vindhyans, 
  like 
  the 
  Bijawars, 
  are 
  too 
  barren 
  for 
  cultivation, 
  and 
  

   the 
  area 
  occupied 
  by 
  them 
  is 
  approximately 
  the 
  area 
  of 
  the 
  jungles 
  of 
  

   the 
  district, 
  — 
  the 
  Punassa 
  reserved 
  forest 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Narbada 
  the 
  Dhar 
  

   forest, 
  the 
  Chandgarh 
  forest 
  and 
  its 
  northern 
  continuation 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  

   river, 
  being 
  all 
  situated 
  on 
  them. 
  

  

  The 
  commonest 
  constituent 
  of 
  the 
  Vindhyans 
  is 
  a 
  hard, 
  compact, 
  

   fine-grained, 
  purplish, 
  rather 
  thin-bedded 
  sandstone. 
  White 
  quartzites 
  

   occur 
  at 
  places 
  ; 
  they 
  would 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  local 
  metamorphism. 
  

   Conglomerates, 
  occasionally 
  extremely 
  coarse, 
  are 
  not 
  rare. 
  Flag 
  beds 
  

   are 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  uncommon; 
  and 
  thinly 
  stratified 
  black 
  or 
  greenish- 
  

   black 
  shales 
  were 
  met 
  with, 
  especially 
  towards 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  system 
  

   at 
  Dhari 
  in 
  the 
  Dhar 
  forest. 
  The 
  sandstones 
  and 
  flags 
  are 
  generally 
  

   micaceous, 
  frequently 
  very 
  highly 
  so. 
  1 
  

  

  The 
  Vindhyans 
  in 
  this 
  area 
  bear 
  evidence 
  of 
  considerable 
  disturb- 
  

   ance. 
  Commencing 
  at 
  the 
  extreme 
  eastern 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  superb 
  section 
  

   exposed 
  on 
  the 
  Narbada, 
  from 
  Palasi 
  (Jamoti, 
  on 
  map) 
  to 
  Billora, 
  we 
  

   find 
  them 
  thrown 
  into 
  saddled-shaped 
  folds, 
  contorted 
  and 
  tilted 
  up, 
  nearly 
  

  

  1 
  A 
  peculiar-looking, 
  thinly 
  laminated 
  sandstone, 
  blotched 
  with 
  ferruginous 
  concretions 
  

   of 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  a 
  pea, 
  was 
  met 
  with 
  near 
  Sulgaon, 
  between 
  Barwai 
  and 
  Katkut. 
  

  

  B 
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  17 
  ) 
  

  

  