﻿UPPER 
  CRETACEOUS 
  SERIES 
  (AQUEOUS). 
  4$ 
  

  

  the 
  Deola-Chir6khan 
  marly 
  band 
  ; 
  l 
  and 
  no 
  organic 
  remains 
  Lave 
  been 
  

   hitherto 
  definitely 
  known 
  from 
  either 
  the 
  nodular 
  limestone 
  or 
  the 
  sand- 
  

   stones 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  designation 
  of 
  " 
  Nimar 
  " 
  has 
  been 
  here 
  appropriated. 
  2 
  

   And 
  no 
  clear 
  physical 
  unconformity 
  having 
  then 
  been 
  detected 
  between 
  

   any 
  of 
  the 
  five 
  lithologically 
  distinct 
  groups 
  interposed 
  between 
  the 
  

   Bijawurs 
  and 
  the 
  trap, 
  they 
  were 
  all 
  incorporated 
  into 
  one 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  

   series, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  strength 
  of 
  the 
  evidence 
  afforded 
  by 
  the 
  fossils 
  

   (especially 
  Echinoderms) 
  of 
  the 
  Deola 
  and 
  Chirakhan 
  marl, 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  

   horizon 
  of 
  the 
  European 
  cenomanian. 
  It 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  from 
  the 
  table 
  of 
  

   correlations 
  just 
  given, 
  that 
  this 
  marl 
  has 
  been 
  here 
  also 
  located 
  at 
  about 
  

   the 
  same 
  horizon. 
  

  

  Characteristics 
  of 
  the 
  fauna. 
  — 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  remarked 
  about 
  the 
  fossils, 
  

   that 
  though 
  rich 
  numerically, 
  so 
  much 
  so 
  that 
  at 
  places 
  cart-loads 
  could 
  

   be 
  collected 
  with 
  but 
  little 
  difficulty, 
  their 
  poverty 
  as 
  regards 
  variation, 
  

   amounting 
  to 
  generic 
  or 
  even 
  specific 
  distinctions, 
  is 
  most 
  noteworthy. 
  

   I 
  collected, 
  for 
  instance, 
  over 
  100 
  specimens 
  of 
  ammonite, 
  all 
  in 
  a 
  fair 
  

   state 
  of 
  preservation, 
  between 
  Bowarla 
  and 
  Muraso, 
  about 
  50 
  miles 
  

   apart, 
  and 
  at 
  all 
  horizons, 
  from 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  nodular 
  limestone 
  to 
  the 
  

   top 
  of 
  the 
  infra-coralline 
  argillaceous 
  limestone. 
  But 
  they 
  all 
  proved 
  

   to 
  belong 
  to 
  one 
  species. 
  Yet 
  they 
  present 
  so 
  many 
  varieties, 
  between 
  

   the 
  extremes 
  of 
  inflation 
  and 
  compression, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  of 
  shape 
  and 
  size, 
  

   that 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  I 
  was 
  unearthing 
  them, 
  I 
  had 
  an 
  idea 
  that 
  several 
  

   species 
  would 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  made 
  out 
  of 
  them. 
  3 
  They, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  

   varieties 
  of 
  such 
  forms, 
  as 
  Hemiaster, 
  &c, 
  offer 
  a 
  splendid 
  illustration 
  

   of 
  Darwin's 
  well-known 
  law, 
  that 
  wide-ranging, 
  much 
  -diffused, 
  and 
  

   common 
  species 
  vary 
  most. 
  

  

  1 
  " 
  Beneath 
  it 
  [the 
  " 
  coralline 
  "] 
  is 
  an 
  impure, 
  argillaceous 
  limestone, 
  from 
  which 
  all 
  

   the 
  fossils 
  of 
  the 
  Bagh 
  beds 
  hitherto 
  procured 
  in 
  this 
  neighbourhood 
  have 
  been 
  obtained." 
  

   ( 
  Blanf 
  ord, 
  " 
  Manual," 
  p. 
  295.) 
  

  

  3 
  " 
  The 
  limestone 
  f 
  nodular] 
  is 
  nearly 
  unfossiliferous 
  ; 
  only 
  here 
  and 
  there 
  a 
  fossil 
  occurs 
  

   in 
  it, 
  and 
  the 
  few 
  specimens 
  found 
  are 
  but 
  rarely 
  well 
  preserved." 
  ("Manual," 
  p. 
  95). 
  

   See 
  Memoirs, 
  Vol. 
  VI, 
  pt. 
  3, 
  pp. 
  47, 
  49, 
  &c. 
  

  

  3 
  In 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  specimens 
  of 
  ammonite 
  in 
  my 
  collection, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  piece 
  partly 
  im- 
  

   bedded 
  in 
  the 
  matrix, 
  which 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  that 
  highly 
  important 
  but 
  rarely 
  seen 
  structure* 
  

   known 
  to 
  palaeontologists 
  as 
  " 
  aptychus." 
  

  

  D 
  ( 
  49 
  ) 
  

  

  