﻿THE 
  VINDHYANS. 
  15 
  

  

  CHAPTER 
  V. 
  

  

  THE 
  VINDHYANS. 
  

  

  Area. 
  — 
  The 
  Vindhyans 
  extend 
  as 
  a 
  low, 
  wild, 
  jungle-clad 
  plateau 
  

   cut 
  into 
  gorges 
  and 
  ravines, 
  at 
  places 
  highly 
  romantic, 
  from 
  the 
  neigh- 
  

   bourhood 
  of 
  Chandgarh 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  Barwai, 
  a 
  distance 
  in 
  a 
  line 
  of 
  over 
  

   30 
  miles. 
  An 
  outlier, 
  however, 
  occurs 
  south 
  of 
  Punghat 
  (12 
  miles 
  east 
  

   of 
  Chandgarh), 
  and 
  is 
  traced 
  to 
  near 
  Sontalai, 
  8 
  miles 
  further 
  east. 
  

  

  Half-way 
  between 
  Mandhata 
  and 
  Mortakka, 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  

   Billora, 
  there 
  is 
  exposed 
  a 
  splendid 
  section 
  exhibiting 
  the 
  lowest 
  beds 
  

   of 
  the 
  Vindhyans. 
  These 
  are 
  seen 
  to 
  rest 
  with 
  well-marked 
  unconformity 
  

   upon 
  some 
  up-turned 
  and 
  denuded 
  beds 
  of 
  metamorphic 
  schists 
  de- 
  

   scribed 
  before. 
  For 
  a 
  mile 
  south, 
  and 
  a 
  couple 
  of 
  miles 
  to 
  the 
  north, 
  the 
  

   same 
  order 
  of 
  super-position 
  is 
  visible. 
  Further 
  north, 
  however, 
  the 
  

   Vindhyans 
  run 
  parallel 
  to 
  the 
  Bijawars, 
  as 
  if 
  thrown 
  down 
  against 
  the 
  

   latter 
  by 
  a 
  fault, 
  though 
  the 
  evidence 
  for 
  such 
  dislocation 
  is 
  scant. 
  

  

  About 
  a 
  mile 
  north 
  of 
  Aroda, 
  on 
  the 
  Choral, 
  they 
  are 
  covered 
  up 
  by 
  

   traps. 
  Five 
  miles 
  south-east, 
  at 
  Ranjna, 
  they 
  are 
  faulted 
  against 
  the 
  

   Bijawars 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  fault 
  is 
  traceable 
  for 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  20 
  miles 
  to 
  Bhauri- 
  

   khera, 
  in 
  the 
  Dhar 
  forest. 
  The 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  dislocation, 
  however, 
  is 
  

   best 
  seen 
  at 
  the 
  deserted 
  village 
  of 
  Andhari 
  Bag, 
  on 
  the 
  Kanar 
  river, 
  

   7 
  miles 
  east 
  by 
  south 
  of 
  Katkut. 
  Here 
  the 
  original 
  fracture 
  has 
  been 
  

   filled 
  up 
  by 
  fragments 
  of 
  Bijawar 
  limestone 
  and 
  breccia 
  cemented 
  

   together 
  into 
  a 
  singular 
  agglomerate. 
  For 
  nearly 
  half 
  a 
  mile 
  down 
  the 
  

   river, 
  the 
  Vindhyan 
  sandstones 
  are 
  very 
  highly 
  disturbed, 
  the 
  inclina- 
  

   tion 
  being 
  exceptionally 
  high 
  and 
  variable, 
  both 
  as 
  regards 
  amount 
  and 
  

   direction. 
  It 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  remarked 
  that 
  within 
  this 
  Vindhyan 
  ground 
  there 
  

   was 
  met 
  with 
  a 
  band 
  of 
  breccia, 
  exactly 
  resembling 
  the 
  Bijawar 
  breccia. 
  

   Its 
  presence 
  at 
  first 
  inclined 
  me 
  to 
  include 
  the 
  sandstones 
  just 
  mentioned 
  

   among 
  the 
  Bijawars. 
  But, 
  on 
  more 
  careful 
  examination 
  of 
  its 
  strati- 
  

   graphy, 
  I 
  came 
  to 
  the 
  conclusion 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  an 
  integral 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  

   Vindhyan 
  system. 
  A 
  repetition 
  of 
  similar 
  features 
  is 
  observable 
  in 
  the 
  

   Ghorapachar 
  at 
  Pipri, 
  4 
  miles 
  to 
  the 
  east. 
  

  

  ( 
  15 
  ) 
  

  

  