﻿UPPER 
  CRETACEOUS 
  SERIES. 
  (IGNEOUS.) 
  53 
  

  

  to 
  several 
  feet 
  in 
  thickness 
  were 
  met 
  with 
  at 
  several 
  points 
  along 
  the 
  

   Vindhyan 
  range, 
  as 
  at 
  Garaghat, 
  north 
  of 
  Gujri, 
  Jam 
  Ghat, 
  Amjhera, 
  &c 
  

   These 
  have 
  heen 
  known 
  as 
  " 
  red 
  bole." 
  Should 
  they 
  prove 
  to 
  be 
  con- 
  

   tinuous, 
  their 
  importance 
  would 
  be 
  more 
  than 
  local, 
  if 
  we 
  regard 
  them 
  

   as"^ 
  burnt 
  trap 
  soil 
  ; 
  l 
  for 
  their 
  number 
  would 
  then 
  correspond 
  with 
  the 
  

   different 
  stages 
  of 
  eruption. 
  3 
  Fragments 
  of 
  an 
  ashy 
  rock 
  with 
  numer- 
  

   ous 
  bits 
  of 
  wood, 
  all 
  apparently 
  belonging 
  to 
  one 
  species 
  of 
  plant, 
  were 
  

   picked 
  up 
  at 
  Umrali 
  on 
  the 
  Hatni 
  in 
  the 
  district 
  of 
  Dei. 
  The 
  rock 
  

   was 
  not 
  seen 
  in 
  situ. 
  It 
  was 
  no 
  doubt 
  formed 
  in 
  some 
  pool 
  during 
  an 
  

   eruption. 
  

  

  Dykes. 
  — 
  These 
  are 
  met 
  with 
  throughout 
  the 
  valley. 
  They 
  are 
  

   abundant 
  in 
  the 
  Chandgarh-Handia 
  metamorphic 
  area. 
  The 
  main 
  

   dykes 
  (averaging 
  10 
  feet 
  in 
  breadth) 
  invariably 
  take 
  an 
  east- 
  west 
  

   direction 
  — 
  the 
  strike 
  of 
  the 
  metamorphic 
  schists 
  ; 
  the 
  branches 
  varying 
  

   from 
  1 
  to 
  6 
  feet 
  in 
  breadth 
  run 
  in 
  all 
  directions, 
  pursuing 
  a 
  tortuous 
  

   course 
  which 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  determined 
  by 
  the 
  cracks 
  in 
  the 
  

   rocks 
  intruded 
  through. 
  The 
  rock 
  composing 
  the 
  principal 
  dykes 
  is 
  a 
  

   coarse 
  dolerite 
  with 
  large 
  and 
  conspicuous 
  triclinic 
  felspar, 
  and 
  weathers 
  

   into 
  globular 
  masses. 
  The 
  branches, 
  however, 
  are 
  often 
  of 
  a 
  compact, 
  

   fine-grained 
  rock, 
  indistinguishable 
  microscopically 
  from 
  basalt. 
  3 
  

  

  North 
  of 
  Pamakheri 
  in 
  the 
  district 
  of 
  Chandgarh 
  (Map 
  No. 
  1), 
  there 
  

   are 
  seen 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  road 
  to 
  Sirka 
  Talao 
  globoid 
  masses 
  of 
  large-grained 
  

   dolerite 
  ; 
  traced 
  westward, 
  these 
  are 
  lost 
  under 
  vesicular 
  basalts 
  occupy- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  valley 
  between 
  two 
  hills 
  of 
  Vindhyans. 
  It 
  is 
  highly 
  probable 
  

   that 
  the 
  basalts 
  flowed 
  out 
  as 
  lava 
  from 
  the 
  fissure 
  in 
  which 
  has 
  consoli- 
  

   dated 
  the 
  plutonic 
  rock 
  just 
  mentioned. 
  

  

  1 
  Judd, 
  Quart. 
  Journ. 
  Geol. 
  Soc, 
  "Vol. 
  XXX, 
  p. 
  7277; 
  see 
  also 
  Lyell's 
  "Principles," 
  

   Vol, 
  II, 
  10th 
  Edition. 
  

  

  a 
  I 
  counted 
  three 
  seams 
  of 
  the 
  red 
  soil 
  (if 
  soil 
  it 
  be) 
  in 
  my 
  ascent 
  up 
  the 
  Jam 
  Ghat 
  to 
  the 
  

   Malwa 
  plateau. 
  Sykes 
  describes 
  the 
  "red 
  bole" 
  as 
  ferruginous 
  clay 
  (Geol. 
  Trans., 
  Ser. 
  2, 
  

   Vol. 
  IV). 
  Mr. 
  Blanford 
  is 
  inclined 
  to 
  look 
  upon 
  the 
  " 
  red 
  bole" 
  as 
  a 
  form 
  of 
  volcanic 
  ash. 
  

   (Mem. 
  VI, 
  pt. 
  2, 
  p. 
  7; 
  see 
  also 
  Hislop, 
  Quart. 
  Journ. 
  Geol. 
  Soc, 
  Vol. 
  XI, 
  p. 
  364.) 
  

  

  8 
  Great 
  care 
  must 
  be 
  taken 
  to 
  distinguish 
  the 
  true 
  dykes 
  from 
  fine-grained, 
  hard, 
  

   black, 
  shaly 
  veins 
  which 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  metamorphics, 
  and 
  are 
  most 
  plentiful 
  about 
  Punghat, 
  

   Fateo-arh, 
  &c. 
  It 
  was 
  not 
  until 
  I 
  submitted 
  the 
  latter 
  to 
  microscopic 
  examination 
  that 
  I 
  

   became 
  quite 
  sure 
  about 
  their 
  real 
  nature. 
  

  

  ( 
  53 
  ) 
  

  

  