﻿X 
  EEDDEN 
  : 
  GEOLOGY 
  OE 
  KATHIAWAK 
  PENINSULA 
  IN 
  Gl'ZEUAT. 
  

  

  portion 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  elevated, 
  while 
  the 
  surrounding 
  land, 
  

   subsiding 
  into 
  extensive 
  plains, 
  has 
  a 
  general 
  easy 
  slope 
  towards 
  the 
  

   margin 
  of 
  the 
  peninsula. 
  

  

  The 
  shores 
  are, 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part, 
  very 
  slightly 
  raised 
  above 
  the 
  level 
  

   of 
  the 
  sea 
  : 
  along 
  the 
  south-east 
  coast 
  there 
  are 
  low 
  cliffs 
  here 
  and 
  there, 
  

   formed 
  chiefly 
  of 
  sub-recent 
  rock 
  ; 
  while 
  the 
  south-west 
  coast 
  presents 
  a 
  

   remarkably 
  straight 
  and 
  unbroken 
  line, 
  fringed 
  by 
  low 
  parallel 
  ridges 
  of 
  

   consolidated 
  shore 
  deposits 
  and 
  sandhills. 
  The 
  northern 
  and 
  eastern 
  

   confines 
  of 
  the 
  province 
  are 
  the 
  least 
  conspicuous 
  ; 
  the 
  rock 
  plains 
  merg- 
  

   ing, 
  on 
  the 
  one 
  hand, 
  into 
  the 
  shallow 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Cutch 
  without 
  definite 
  

   coast 
  line, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  other, 
  into 
  the 
  great 
  stretch 
  of 
  alluvium 
  towards 
  

   Ahmedabad. 
  Sandhills 
  are 
  prevalent 
  along 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  margin 
  of 
  

   the 
  Ran. 
  

  

  With 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  the 
  Tangha 
  and 
  Mandhav 
  hills 
  in 
  the 
  west 
  

   of 
  Jhalawar, 
  and 
  some 
  unimportant 
  elevations 
  in 
  

   Hallar, 
  the 
  northern 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  province 
  is 
  

   flat 
  ; 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  southern 
  part 
  beyond 
  the 
  central 
  tract 
  of 
  broken 
  hilly 
  

   country, 
  in 
  which 
  are 
  some 
  great 
  mural 
  scarps, 
  there 
  are 
  several 
  pro- 
  

   minent 
  ranges 
  and 
  detached 
  hills. 
  Of 
  these, 
  the 
  Junagarh 
  group 
  is 
  the 
  

   most 
  conspicuous, 
  with 
  its 
  lofty 
  peak, 
  Girnar, 
  rising 
  to 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  3,666 
  

   feet 
  above 
  sea-level. 
  A 
  short 
  distance 
  to 
  the 
  south-east 
  of 
  this 
  group 
  

   begins 
  the 
  l 
  Gir 
  ' 
  (or 
  Gar) 
  range, 
  a 
  hilly 
  jungle 
  tract, 
  which 
  stretches 
  

   away 
  for 
  20 
  or 
  30 
  miles 
  in 
  an 
  easterly 
  direction. 
  A 
  rather 
  sharp 
  

   anticlinal 
  fold 
  in 
  the 
  rocks 
  south 
  of 
  Bhavnagar 
  (Bhownagar 
  of 
  the 
  Map) 
  

   has 
  been 
  named 
  the 
  Khokhra 
  range. 
  Shetrunja, 
  1 
  or 
  the 
  sacred 
  hill 
  of 
  

   Palitana, 
  lies 
  18 
  miles 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  Khokhra 
  range. 
  

  

  Returning 
  westward, 
  we 
  have 
  the 
  Barda 
  2 
  group, 
  an 
  assemblage 
  of 
  

   hills, 
  covering 
  an 
  area 
  of 
  about 
  70 
  square 
  miles, 
  to 
  the 
  north-east 
  of 
  

   Porbandar. 
  Osham 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  conspicuous 
  hill, 
  rising 
  abruptly 
  from 
  the 
  

   plains 
  west 
  of 
  Junagarh. 
  

  

  Several 
  of 
  these 
  hills 
  are 
  volcanic, 
  or 
  at 
  least 
  had 
  an 
  eruptive 
  origin, 
  

   as 
  will 
  be 
  demonstrated 
  from 
  their 
  structure 
  in 
  a 
  later 
  chapter. 
  Another 
  

  

  1 
  Often 
  written 
  c 
  Satrunja.' 
  

  

  2 
  More 
  correctly 
  ' 
  Barada/ 
  as 
  in 
  Hunter's 
  Gazetteer. 
  

  

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  7* 
  ) 
  

  

  