﻿UMIA 
  BEDS. 
  7 
  

  

  by 
  certain 
  plant 
  impressions, 
  to 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  Umia 
  1 
  group 
  of 
  Cutcli. 
  

   They 
  do 
  not 
  represent 
  the 
  entire 
  group, 
  nor 
  can 
  their 
  precise 
  horizon 
  in 
  

   the 
  group 
  be 
  stated 
  ; 
  though 
  — 
  from 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  the 
  Cutcli 
  lower 
  

   marine 
  beds, 
  and 
  the 
  identity 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  plants 
  with 
  the 
  Jabalpur 
  

   group 
  of 
  the 
  Gondwana 
  system 
  in 
  the 
  Central 
  Provinces 
  — 
  the 
  probabi- 
  

   lities 
  are 
  that 
  the 
  Kathiawar 
  beds 
  represent 
  the 
  upper 
  division 
  chiefly, 
  

   and 
  perhaps 
  a 
  higher 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  group 
  than 
  is 
  seen 
  in 
  Cutch. 
  

  

  The 
  sandstones 
  are 
  mostly 
  open, 
  imperfectly 
  cemented, 
  and 
  unevenly 
  

   stratified 
  with 
  coarse 
  and 
  gritty, 
  or 
  even 
  conglomeratic, 
  runs 
  and 
  layers. 
  

   There 
  are, 
  however, 
  some 
  thick 
  beds 
  of 
  fine 
  texture 
  among 
  them, 
  and 
  

  

  a 
  few 
  subordinate 
  bands 
  of 
  shale. 
  Oblique 
  lami- 
  

   Sandstones 
  and 
  shales. 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  nation 
  is 
  very 
  prevalent. 
  Owing 
  to 
  the 
  rocks 
  in 
  

  

  t>his 
  field 
  being 
  so 
  little 
  disturbed 
  from 
  their 
  original 
  horizontality, 
  and 
  

  

  the 
  country 
  being 
  generally 
  flat, 
  a 
  natural 
  section 
  showing 
  any 
  great 
  

  

  succession 
  of 
  beds 
  cannot 
  be 
  expected. 
  Thus, 
  it 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  give 
  an 
  

  

  estimate 
  of 
  the 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  group 
  ; 
  moreover, 
  denudation 
  has 
  affected 
  

  

  the 
  surface, 
  and 
  the 
  base 
  is 
  nowhere 
  laid 
  bare. 
  

  

  Thickness. 
  . 
  

  

  There 
  may 
  be 
  an 
  aggregate 
  thickness 
  of 
  about 
  1,500 
  

   feet 
  exposed 
  ; 
  and 
  this, 
  perhaps, 
  exceeds 
  the 
  actual 
  amount, 
  for, 
  in 
  some 
  

   parts 
  of 
  the 
  field, 
  similar 
  rock 
  spreads 
  over 
  large 
  areas. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  following 
  details, 
  the 
  relative 
  positions 
  of 
  certain 
  zones 
  in 
  the 
  

   group 
  are 
  given 
  as 
  nearly 
  as 
  can 
  be. 
  

  

  The 
  hills 
  with 
  rugged 
  outline, 
  occupying 
  the 
  more 
  elevated 
  parts 
  of 
  

   the 
  central 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  field, 
  are 
  formed 
  of 
  harsh 
  sandstone, 
  ferrugi- 
  

   Harsh 
  and 
  conglomera- 
  nously 
  stained 
  to 
  dark 
  purple 
  or 
  black. 
  The 
  rock 
  

   tic 
  beds. 
  * 
  g 
  ver 
  y 
  coarse 
  i 
  n 
  parts, 
  and 
  even 
  conglomeratic 
  with 
  

  

  small 
  pebbles 
  o£ 
  white 
  quartz 
  imbedded 
  in 
  a 
  dark 
  ferruginous 
  matrix 
  : 
  

   occasionally 
  it 
  is 
  free 
  from 
  iron, 
  or 
  faintly 
  mottled 
  red 
  and 
  white. 
  In 
  

   many 
  places 
  it 
  is 
  so 
  compact 
  as 
  to 
  resemble 
  quartzite. 
  In 
  this 
  state 
  it 
  is 
  

  

  1 
  The 
  term 
  'Umia' 
  was 
  instituted 
  by 
  the 
  late 
  Dr. 
  Stoliczka 
  to 
  denote 
  a 
  great 
  thick- 
  

   ness 
  of 
  beds 
  succeeding 
  the 
  'Katrol 
  group' 
  in 
  the 
  Jurassic 
  series 
  of 
  Cutch. 
  With 
  the 
  

   exception 
  of 
  the 
  plant-bearing 
  strata, 
  which 
  are 
  scarce, 
  they 
  are 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  un- 
  

   fossiliferous, 
  and 
  probably 
  of 
  fresh-water 
  origin 
  : 
  marine 
  fossils, 
  however, 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  occur 
  

   in 
  a 
  band 
  towards 
  the 
  base, 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  a 
  bed 
  nearYhe 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  group. 
  None 
  of 
  these 
  

   marine 
  fossils 
  have 
  been 
  detected 
  in 
  the 
  present 
  field. 
  

  

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  ) 
  

  

  