﻿WADHWAN 
  SANDSTONES. 
  15 
  

  

  long 
  fissures, 
  which 
  are 
  indicated 
  by 
  the 
  very 
  remarkable 
  trap 
  dykes 
  

   to 
  be 
  described 
  further 
  on 
  ; 
  — 
  or 
  otherwise 
  disturbed 
  by 
  earthquakes 
  

   and 
  floods, 
  that 
  must 
  have 
  accompanied 
  the 
  ushering-in 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  

   trappean, 
  or 
  fissure-eruj)tion 
  period. 
  

  

  A 
  few 
  Bryozoa, 
  and 
  indefinite 
  organisms, 
  can 
  be 
  detected 
  in 
  some 
  

  

  Marine 
  limestone 
  °f 
  these 
  beds, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  conspicuous. 
  

   . 
  cretaceous. 
  Among 
  the 
  disturbed 
  rocks 
  is 
  occasionally 
  ob- 
  

  

  served 
  a 
  drab-coloured, 
  tough, 
  sometimes 
  gritty 
  and 
  chalcedonic, 
  organic 
  

   limestone 
  of 
  marine 
  origin. 
  It 
  is 
  almost 
  invariably 
  displaced, 
  and 
  

   its 
  relations 
  with 
  the 
  associated 
  rocks 
  are 
  very 
  obscure. 
  The 
  fossils 
  

   are 
  chiefly 
  Bryozoa 
  in 
  a 
  matted 
  mass 
  of 
  indefinite 
  shells, 
  (like 
  Natica, 
  

   and 
  broken 
  bivalves,) 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  small 
  corals. 
  One 
  small 
  Echinoderm 
  

   and 
  some 
  spines 
  were 
  obtained, 
  but 
  too 
  imperfect 
  for 
  identification, 
  and 
  

   a 
  portion 
  of 
  a 
  flattened 
  keeled 
  Ammonite, 
  that 
  in 
  some 
  respects 
  can 
  be 
  

   compared 
  to 
  Am. 
  guadaloupa, 
  Roem., 
  a 
  well-known 
  cretaceous 
  fossil. 
  

  

  The 
  limestone, 
  which 
  varies 
  from 
  a 
  few 
  inches 
  to 
  about 
  four 
  feet 
  in 
  

   thickness, 
  is 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  stream 
  section 
  two 
  miles 
  north- 
  west 
  of 
  Bhaduka, 
  

   also 
  in 
  the 
  Bhogawa 
  river 
  near 
  the 
  village 
  ; 
  and 
  again 
  about 
  a 
  mile 
  and 
  

   a 
  quarter 
  south-east 
  of 
  the 
  village, 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  small 
  outcrops. 
  In 
  all 
  

   these 
  places 
  it 
  is 
  displaced 
  and 
  in 
  tumbled 
  association 
  with 
  volcanic 
  and 
  

   other 
  rocks. 
  The 
  limestone 
  was 
  also 
  noticed 
  two 
  miles 
  north-east 
  of 
  the 
  

   Chotila 
  dak 
  bungalow, 
  as 
  a 
  small 
  patch 
  between 
  two 
  little 
  outlying 
  trap 
  

   hills. 
  It 
  is 
  here 
  only 
  a 
  very 
  thin 
  shaly 
  band 
  underlying 
  the 
  trap, 
  and 
  

   resting 
  upon 
  dark 
  purplish-red 
  coarse 
  open 
  sandstone, 
  which 
  is 
  apparently 
  

   an 
  outlier 
  of 
  the 
  Wadhwan 
  beds, 
  since 
  it 
  rests 
  upon 
  recognisable 
  sand- 
  

   stones 
  of 
  the 
  Umia 
  group. 
  

  

  The 
  rocks 
  on 
  the 
  eastern 
  flank 
  of 
  the 
  trap 
  hills 
  four 
  miles 
  east-north- 
  

   east 
  of 
  Chotila 
  are 
  very 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  just 
  described 
  : 
  there 
  is 
  the 
  

   Wadhwan 
  sandstone, 
  enclosing 
  masses 
  of 
  a 
  strange 
  rock 
  (? 
  volcanic), 
  

   and 
  a 
  band 
  of 
  gritty 
  limestone, 
  a 
  few 
  inches 
  only 
  in 
  thickness, 
  

   associated 
  with 
  various 
  nondescript 
  shales 
  and 
  sands. 
  The 
  limestone 
  

   contains 
  many 
  fragments 
  of 
  Bryozoa, 
  and 
  of 
  shells, 
  besides 
  a 
  few 
  

   very 
  small 
  corals. 
  It 
  was 
  from 
  this 
  locality 
  that 
  the 
  small 
  imper- 
  

  

  ( 
  87 
  ) 
  

  

  