﻿28 
  fedden: 
  geology 
  of 
  kathjawar 
  peninsula 
  in 
  guzerat. 
  

  

  The 
  tort 
  hill 
  of 
  Ninarna, 
  twelve 
  miles 
  south-east 
  of 
  Chotila, 
  is 
  capped 
  

   Limestone 
  at 
  Ninama 
  with 
  a 
  bed 
  of 
  inter-trappean 
  limestone. 
  The 
  same 
  

   • 
  bed 
  is 
  seen 
  cropping 
  out 
  near 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  an 
  adja- 
  

  

  cent 
  hill 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  again 
  observed 
  capping 
  the 
  ridge 
  scarp 
  between 
  

   Lakhawand 
  and 
  Shekdod. 
  The 
  bed 
  is 
  there 
  sloping, 
  at 
  a 
  low 
  angle, 
  

   southwards, 
  in 
  which 
  direction 
  it 
  becomes 
  covered 
  up 
  by 
  later 
  flows 
  of 
  

   trap. 
  The 
  maximum 
  thickness 
  is 
  about 
  ten 
  feet, 
  and 
  the 
  rock 
  consists 
  

   of 
  argillaceous 
  limestone, 
  very 
  tough, 
  close, 
  and 
  in 
  part 
  cherty. 
  At 
  

   Ninama 
  it 
  is 
  somewhat 
  flaggy, 
  or 
  roughly 
  banded, 
  and 
  has 
  been 
  largely 
  

   used 
  in 
  building 
  the 
  walls 
  of 
  the 
  fort. 
  

  

  Trap 
  dykes. 
  — 
  In 
  certain 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  province, 
  — 
  more 
  especially 
  in 
  the 
  

   central 
  and 
  south-eastern 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  trappean 
  area, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Juras- 
  

   sic 
  field 
  beyond 
  the 
  present 
  boundary 
  of 
  the 
  traps, 
  — 
  dykes 
  are 
  very 
  

   numerous 
  and 
  large, 
  often 
  forming 
  prominent 
  features 
  in 
  the 
  landscape. 
  

   Many 
  of 
  the 
  dykes 
  are 
  traceable 
  for 
  long 
  distances 
  ; 
  the 
  large 
  Sardhar 
  

   dyke 
  extends 
  for 
  about 
  45 
  miles 
  from 
  end 
  to 
  end, 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  parts 
  has 
  

  

  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  a 
  great 
  rampart 
  in 
  ruins. 
  At 
  

   The 
  Sardhar 
  dyke. 
  , 
  . 
  

  

  Sardhar, 
  it 
  is 
  nearly 
  100 
  feet 
  across. 
  The 
  general 
  

  

  bearing 
  is 
  east 
  and 
  west, 
  this 
  being 
  the 
  prevalent 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  dykes 
  

   in 
  that 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  country; 
  though 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  irregular 
  for 
  some 
  

   portion 
  of 
  their 
  course, 
  and 
  even 
  interrupted 
  or 
  not 
  visibly 
  persistent 
  

   throughout; 
  or 
  they 
  may 
  bifurcate. 
  Several 
  cross-dykes 
  bear 
  north 
  

   and 
  south, 
  or 
  north-by-west 
  and 
  south-by-east, 
  and 
  are 
  generally 
  

   of 
  a 
  later 
  date 
  than 
  the 
  east 
  and 
  west 
  set. 
  Indeed, 
  the 
  dykes 
  are 
  

   so 
  prevalent 
  and 
  strongly 
  displayed, 
  that 
  they 
  can 
  hardly 
  be 
  re- 
  

   garded 
  otherwise 
  than 
  as 
  indications 
  of 
  the 
  fissured 
  and 
  crevassed 
  state 
  

   of 
  the 
  stratified 
  crust 
  of 
  the 
  earth 
  during 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  the 
  trappean 
  

   eruptions. 
  

  

  Surprise 
  has 
  often 
  been 
  expressed 
  at 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  volcanic 
  vents 
  

   . 
  ,. 
  , 
  within 
  the 
  trappean 
  area, 
  but 
  the 
  fact, 
  that 
  the 
  

  

  Sources 
  of 
  discharge. 
  

  

  Deccan 
  trap 
  period 
  was 
  a 
  period 
  of 
  fissure 
  erup- 
  

   tion, 
  is 
  not 
  sufficiently 
  borne 
  in 
  mind. 
  When 
  we 
  contemplate 
  the 
  

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  ) 
  

  

  