﻿SUB-RECENT 
  AND 
  ALLUVIAL 
  BEDS. 
  53 
  

  

  compact 
  limestones, 
  of 
  pale-yellowish 
  colour, 
  gritty 
  with 
  quartz 
  grains, 
  

   and 
  finely 
  crystalline. 
  

  

  These 
  rocks 
  form 
  the 
  low 
  cliffs 
  at 
  Dwarka, 
  and 
  extend 
  for 
  some 
  way 
  

   along 
  the 
  coast 
  ; 
  they 
  also 
  form 
  an 
  outlying 
  ridge 
  

  

  Dwarka 
  cliffs. 
  . 
  

  

  of 
  hill 
  about 
  five 
  miles 
  inland 
  from 
  Virwala, 
  

   bearing 
  from 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  Dhrasanvel 
  northwards 
  through 
  Gadechi 
  

   towards 
  the 
  low 
  country 
  around 
  Aramra, 
  at 
  which 
  place 
  the 
  limestone 
  

   is 
  also 
  met 
  with 
  at 
  nearly 
  sea-level. 
  It 
  is 
  less 
  porous 
  and 
  more 
  sandy 
  at 
  

   this 
  latter 
  locality, 
  where 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  much 
  used 
  for 
  building. 
  That 
  of 
  

   the 
  outlying 
  ridge 
  is 
  very 
  open, 
  from 
  the 
  dissolving 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  contained 
  

   organic 
  fragments 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  false-bedded, 
  and 
  not 
  uniform 
  in 
  texture. 
  

   Occasionally 
  a 
  badly 
  preserved 
  fossil 
  is 
  seen 
  ; 
  a 
  coarsely-ribbed 
  Pecten, 
  

   somewhat 
  resembling 
  the 
  living 
  P. 
  pyxidatus 
  was 
  obtained, 
  but 
  too 
  

   much 
  worn 
  for 
  distinct 
  identification. 
  

  

  The 
  cliffs 
  at 
  Dwarka 
  show 
  about 
  20 
  to 
  30 
  feet 
  of 
  beds 
  varying 
  from 
  

   impure 
  limestone 
  to 
  rag-stone 
  ; 
  near 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  section 
  the 
  limestone 
  

   is 
  purer, 
  though 
  still 
  gritty 
  with 
  quartz 
  grains, 
  and 
  containing 
  shelly 
  

   fragments, 
  among 
  which 
  those 
  of 
  Balanus 
  prevail. 
  All 
  these 
  beds 
  are 
  

   obliquely 
  laminated, 
  or 
  cross-bedded, 
  indicating 
  a 
  shallow 
  littoral 
  sea 
  for 
  

   their 
  deposition. 
  

  

  Sub-recent 
  and 
  Alluvial 
  deposits. 
  — 
  Under 
  this 
  heading 
  is 
  included 
  a 
  

   variety 
  of 
  deposits, 
  marine, 
  estuarine, 
  freshwater, 
  and 
  subaerial. 
  Among 
  

   the 
  former 
  are 
  — 
  the 
  miliolite, 
  which 
  sheets 
  the 
  south-eastern 
  margin 
  of 
  

   the 
  peninsula, 
  and 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  residual 
  patches 
  on 
  the 
  hills 
  of 
  the 
  interior 
  ; 
  

   the 
  raised 
  beaches 
  and 
  consolidated 
  shore 
  sands 
  prevalent 
  along 
  the 
  

   south-western 
  seaboard 
  ; 
  raised 
  coral-reefs 
  bordering 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Cutch 
  ; 
  

   and 
  marine 
  concretes 
  — 
  -with 
  oyster 
  beds 
  now 
  far 
  from 
  the 
  sea, 
  — 
  that 
  ex- 
  

   tend 
  beneath 
  the 
  alluvial 
  soil 
  almost 
  throughout 
  the 
  northern 
  plains, 
  

   and 
  are 
  exposed 
  along 
  the 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  Ran 
  of 
  Cutch. 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  seolian, 
  or 
  subaerial 
  accumulations, 
  the 
  sand 
  dunes, 
  bor- 
  

   dering 
  the 
  Kan, 
  and 
  in 
  many 
  places 
  along- 
  the 
  

   Sand 
  dunes. 
  & 
  . 
  -, 
  

  

  sea-margm, 
  take 
  precedence: 
  while 
  desert 
  sand 
  

  

  occurs 
  on 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  plains 
  in 
  the 
  northern 
  part 
  of 
  Kathiawar. 
  

  

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