﻿54 
  FEDDEN 
  : 
  GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  KATHIAWIR 
  PENINSULA 
  IN 
  GIZERAT. 
  

  

  Ordinary 
  alluvial 
  plains 
  prevail 
  along 
  the 
  eastern 
  limit 
  of 
  the 
  pro- 
  

   vince, 
  and 
  extend 
  into 
  the 
  basin 
  of 
  the 
  Sabarmati 
  river. 
  

  

  It 
  will 
  be 
  seen, 
  by 
  a 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  map, 
  that 
  the 
  belt 
  of 
  alluvium, 
  

   which 
  commences 
  at 
  Gopnath 
  Point 
  near 
  Data, 
  is 
  continuous 
  westwards 
  

   round 
  the 
  coast, 
  gradually 
  widening 
  in 
  the 
  southern 
  part, 
  but 
  becoming 
  

   somewhat 
  contracted 
  in 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  Charwar. 
  Shortly 
  beyond 
  

   this, 
  it 
  expands 
  into 
  extensive 
  plains 
  and 
  low 
  raw-like 
  flats 
  of 
  saline 
  

   waste 
  ground, 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  latitude 
  of 
  Porbandar. 
  Thence 
  the 
  belt 
  is 
  no 
  

   longer 
  persistent 
  ; 
  there 
  being 
  only 
  a 
  narrow 
  strip 
  of 
  sub-recent 
  deposits 
  

   along 
  the 
  coast, 
  with 
  occasional 
  inlets 
  of 
  low 
  flood-land 
  and 
  marshy 
  allu- 
  

   vium. 
  

  

  A 
  large 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  area 
  indicated 
  above 
  as 
  alluvial 
  is 
  occupied 
  by 
  

  

  miliolitic 
  limestone. 
  1 
  This 
  rock 
  is 
  a 
  finely 
  oolitic 
  

   Miliolite. 
  

  

  freestone, 
  almost 
  free 
  from 
  sand 
  or 
  other 
  foreign 
  

  

  particles; 
  the 
  nuclei 
  of 
  the 
  oolite 
  grains 
  are 
  mostly 
  organic. 
  The 
  

   minute 
  foraminifer 
  of 
  each 
  grain, 
  though 
  not 
  apparent 
  in 
  the 
  crude 
  

   state, 
  may 
  be 
  readily 
  detected 
  with 
  a 
  lens 
  after 
  treatment 
  with 
  dilute 
  

   acid. 
  The 
  rock 
  is 
  thin-bedded, 
  with 
  strong 
  oblique 
  lamination. 
  The 
  

   farther 
  it 
  occurs 
  from 
  the 
  coast, 
  the 
  purer 
  is 
  the 
  limestone 
  ; 
  whilst 
  that 
  

   along 
  the 
  seaboard 
  is 
  not 
  unfrequently 
  mixed 
  with 
  much 
  sand. 
  

  

  Miliolite 
  forms 
  the 
  bluffs 
  and 
  cliffs 
  on 
  the 
  south-eastern 
  coast, 
  and 
  

   extends 
  some 
  way 
  inland, 
  sheeting 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  country. 
  In 
  many 
  

   places 
  it 
  overlaps 
  the 
  tertiary 
  rocks, 
  and 
  is 
  seen 
  to 
  rest 
  upon 
  the 
  late 
  rite 
  

   and 
  trap. 
  In 
  the 
  eastern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  alluvial 
  area, 
  it 
  is 
  seen 
  only 
  near 
  

   the 
  coast 
  ; 
  while, 
  to 
  the 
  westward, 
  the 
  whole 
  country 
  is 
  encrusted 
  with 
  

   the 
  rock. 
  The 
  streams 
  in 
  this 
  ground 
  have 
  cut 
  through 
  it, 
  forming 
  

   small 
  e 
  canons 
  9 
  that 
  are 
  often 
  impassable 
  for 
  many 
  miles. 
  

  

  The 
  cliffs 
  of 
  Diu 
  island 
  are 
  50 
  feet 
  high, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  quarries 
  in 
  the 
  

   interior 
  equally 
  deep, 
  which 
  have 
  not 
  pierced 
  through 
  this 
  peculiar 
  rock. 
  

   At 
  Jaferabad 
  the 
  cliffs 
  rise 
  to 
  100 
  feet, 
  and 
  again 
  at 
  dropnath 
  they 
  can- 
  

   not 
  be 
  much 
  less, 
  but 
  the 
  section 
  at 
  the 
  two 
  latter 
  localities 
  is 
  not 
  made 
  

   up 
  entirely 
  of 
  the 
  limestone. 
  There 
  are 
  light-grey 
  calcareous 
  sandstones, 
  

  

  3 
  T 
  have 
  indicated 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  miliolite 
  by 
  fine 
  transverse 
  bine 
  lines 
  on 
  the 
  uisij>. 
  

  

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