﻿SUB-RECENT 
  AND 
  ALLUVIAL 
  BEDS. 
  

  

  57 
  

  

  dation, 
  and, 
  I 
  conclude, 
  could 
  only 
  have 
  been 
  produced 
  by 
  a 
  gradually 
  

   encroaching 
  sea, 
  — 
  presumably 
  the 
  waters 
  that 
  have 
  left 
  their 
  limit-mark 
  

   in 
  the 
  miliolite 
  on 
  the 
  hills 
  of 
  the 
  interior. 
  

  

  The 
  Ran 
  of 
  Cutch 
  (or 
  Little 
  Ran 
  in 
  contradistinction 
  to 
  the 
  Great 
  

   Western 
  Ran) 
  as 
  the 
  low-level 
  waste 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  

   of 
  Kathiawar 
  is 
  called, 
  was 
  doubtless, 
  at 
  no 
  very 
  

   distant 
  date, 
  a 
  shallow 
  gulf, 
  or 
  arm 
  of 
  the 
  sea, 
  — 
  an 
  extension 
  of 
  the 
  

   present 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Cutch, 
  which 
  itself 
  is 
  now 
  very 
  shallow, 
  — 
  and, 
  being 
  

   elevated 
  with 
  the 
  general 
  upheaval 
  of 
  the 
  district, 
  became 
  silted 
  up 
  

   by 
  the 
  accumulation 
  of 
  mud 
  (clays) 
  brought 
  there 
  by 
  streams 
  from 
  the 
  

   surrounding 
  lands. 
  

  

  The 
  surface 
  soil 
  of 
  the 
  Ran 
  is 
  mostly 
  a 
  yellowish 
  drab 
  clay, 
  with 
  

   strong 
  saline 
  efflorescence, 
  or 
  a 
  powdery 
  surface, 
  such 
  as 
  is 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  

   * 
  reh 
  ' 
  ground 
  of 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  India. 
  At 
  the 
  salt-works 
  near 
  Kuda 
  (or 
  

   Kura) 
  within 
  the 
  Dhrangadra 
  State, 
  and 
  about 
  65 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  head 
  

   of 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Cutch, 
  the 
  section 
  in 
  the 
  brine 
  pits 
  is 
  as 
  follows 
  (descend- 
  

   ing) 
  :— 
  

  

  1. 
  Surface 
  soil 
  of 
  saline 
  earthy 
  clay, 
  

  

  2. 
  ' 
  Kholia' 
  (or 
  ' 
  Korea'), 
  a 
  dark 
  earthy 
  plastic 
  clay. 
  

  

  3. 
  ' 
  Soneo 
  3 
  (or 
  i 
  Honeo 
  ') 
  , 
  a 
  brown 
  clunch, 
  a 
  close 
  stiff 
  clay. 
  

  

  4. 
  l 
  Lilera, 
  ' 
  a 
  dark 
  bluish, 
  saline 
  plastic 
  clay 
  with, 
  imbedded 
  crystals 
  

   of 
  gypsum, 
  hollow 
  casts 
  of 
  decomposed 
  vegetable 
  fibre 
  (? 
  rootlets), 
  and 
  

   many 
  small 
  shells. 
  

  

  The 
  base 
  of 
  No. 
  4 
  was 
  not 
  reached 
  in 
  the 
  brine-pits, 
  which 
  are 
  

   about 
  10 
  or 
  12 
  feet 
  in 
  depth; 
  neither 
  was 
  it 
  possible 
  to 
  determine 
  the 
  

   thickness 
  of 
  the 
  several 
  beds 
  of 
  clay, 
  as 
  the 
  wicker-work 
  protecting 
  the 
  

   sides 
  obscured 
  the 
  section. 
  

  

  The 
  soneo 
  clay 
  (No. 
  3) 
  is 
  impervious 
  to 
  water, 
  and 
  almost 
  free 
  from 
  

   salt 
  ; 
  the 
  brine 
  is 
  obtained 
  from 
  the 
  bed 
  below. 
  1 
  The 
  following 
  is 
  a 
  provi- 
  

  

  1 
  The 
  brine 
  is 
  baled 
  out 
  and 
  ran 
  into 
  'pans,' 
  or 
  shallow 
  rectangular 
  floors, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  

   allowed 
  to 
  concentrate 
  by 
  natural 
  evaporation, 
  when 
  the 
  salt 
  crystallizes 
  iu 
  segregated 
  

   lumps, 
  and 
  the 
  remaining 
  liquor 
  is 
  run 
  off. 
  The 
  best 
  salt 
  is 
  that 
  crystallized 
  in 
  half 
  -inch 
  

   cubes. 
  The 
  salt 
  is 
  stacked 
  in 
  large 
  heaps, 
  exposed 
  to 
  all 
  weathers. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  heaps 
  

   had 
  been 
  there 
  for 
  seven 
  years, 
  and 
  apparently 
  little 
  the 
  worse 
  for 
  the 
  exposure. 
  

  

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