64 NOTES ON NAMES OF NON-CHINESE 



Ke Ru by themselves. The former word means simply 

 "Chinese Rung 7 ," and they are no doubt a remnant of 

 tribes included in the term Hsi Yong. In the 1895 Journal 

 of the Royal Asiatic Society (N.G.B.) page 53, a writer 

 assumes a Sakae origin for the Szechcwan civilisation (E3§ 

 Pacch-Sakae. But this claim is doubtful. However, some 

 of the Yong or Rung customs, such as their method of milk- 

 ing cows, is identical with a Scythian custom mentioned 

 by Herodatus. It will not bear printing, but curious readers 

 may find it in the History of the old writer mentioned. 

 The Gya Rung remain to-day one of the most virile, 

 numerous, and interesting elements in Frontier ethnology. 

 They may number a million souls, and probably include the 

 Golo robbers. They are almost all Lamists, and in a general 

 way are moulded by the Lhasa civilisation. 



(4) The T'u Fan 8 "are the western part of the Ch'iang" ' ; 

 or " the Tang Dynasty Tibetans. " The Tibetans to-day call 

 themselves "Bo" the old pronunciation of Fan, and no 

 doubt T'ufan (T'u Bo) is the origin of our word Tibet. The 

 term was originally a Dynastic Title adopted by a Ch'iang 

 people in Central Tibet. The "T'ukao" says the Tufan 

 originally sprang from the Hsi Chiang of whom there were 

 150 tribes. This idea was so fixed in the minds of Chinese 

 authors that we find in Klaproth the amalgamation of the 

 Suen po M $L, a Hsi Ch'iang race, with the T'ufan described 

 as a "re-union." At one time T'ufan was a powerful king- 

 dom and it may be of interest to give in full the three main 

 theories as to its origin : (a) "In the Ch'in Dynasty there 

 was a Chiang slave named Yuen Chien who escaped to his 

 home. In the days of his great-grandson Ren, the soldiers of 

 Ch'in were beginning to exterminate the Tih, Yuen, and 

 Yong. Chiung, the uncle (of Ren) fearing the wroth of 

 the Emperor, fled with his kindred and followers several 

 thousand li to the west of the Ts'i Chi' River where his 

 descendants became the founders of 150 tribes including 

 Fah Chiang T'ang Mao and others too numerous to record. 

 The founder of the T'ufan Dynasty . . . was descended 

 from the 'Fah Chiang.' He lived to the west of the Ts'i* 

 Chi River and took T'uh Fah ^iasa Dynastic Title (Tuh 

 Fah mispronounced became Tufan B±^)and by degrees 

 united the Chiang hordes. His kingdom in time became 

 enormous, but he had no relations with China." 



7 But the present meaning may be an adaptation of an older word 

 like "Chiang" : Gya + Yong, or Chi (J£) + Yong (ft). 



8 & M & £ m W m Z \± m- Hence #=^. 



