66 NOTES ON NAMES OF NON-CHINESE 



were intermittently in possession of the Min valley, and 

 according to Du Halde, the T'ufan Kings had an Eastern 

 palace in Wei Chow. The term M ^r- which may be an 

 adaptation of M »Jt> is now applied to the Tibetans of Sung 

 p'an, and Grenard says, to the Golo also. The name Lifan 

 #1 $r requires no comment except that its " Fan " contains 

 the ancient £ ^ — is this a corruption of M ifc ? (Po=Fan/ as 

 well as Yong and ' ' Chiang " if not ' ' Ti " and ' ' Yi. " But the 

 character is #, not H, 12 and may have no ethnological con- 

 nection whatever; but all the same in earlier days History 

 affirms that the sounds " Fah " and " Fan " were so nearly 

 similar that they become indistinguishable and ' ' Fah 

 Chiang" became "Fan Chiang"; and the Tibetans or 

 " T'ufan " are decendants of the ancient " Fah " or " Fan " 

 Chiang. Moreover, if the old sound is " Bo " we find the 

 modern Tibetans still calling themselves by their Tang 

 Dynasty name. 



(5) Yi ~% seems to be a general name for non-Chinese 

 people. Even now Lolos, Yong, Ch'iang and Europeans are 

 called Yi by the Chinese. But in ancient times the Ch'iang 

 and Ti are separated from the Yi, and on more than one 

 occasion we are told that there were " six Yi, seven Ch'iang 

 and nine Ti " in the mountains of the min *R it valley. 

 And even to-day, not far from Wei Chow, are an ancient 

 people with customs and speech similar to the Mao Chow 

 Ch'iang, who call themselves " Er Mi " or " Ae Mi. ' ' As this 

 is a manifest corruption of " Yi," time may prove them to 

 be a remnant of the Han Dynasty division of that name. 

 In any case, the meaning is, ethnologically, probably quite 

 distinct from the same term in " Fu Yi Fu " tt§ % /fif, the 

 title of the officials in Lifan S ^ and Opien T'ing — a Lolo 

 Centre — during the time of the Manchus. 



(6) i$ The term "Man" is also applied to the non- 

 Chinese in Szechcwan. A quotation from the " T'u K'ao '-' 

 may be of interest. ' ' In the Nine Divisions of Yii PI, Liang ^ 

 was not included; and in the 15 Odes there is no recognition 

 of Shuh. At first, Shuh was known as the Kingdom of the 

 South, and later became united with Chin. But geogra- 

 phically Szechcwan was the most dangerous of the States. 

 On three sides it was touched by the ' Fan ' ^, and ' the 

 nest- and tower-dwelling Man ?U, ' of the Devil Kingdom (]& HI 

 =Kuei Chow) gave them anxiety. The people were fierce 



12 When it is remembered how the Tang suffered at the hands of 

 the b£ H hordes and the alliances'formed, the term ^ would naturally 

 be replaced by the less objectionable one. 



