

MAN, HIS ENVIRONMENT AND HIS ART 9 



Of Pithecanthropus -we have only the cranial cap, a few teeth, and a 

 femur; of Heidelberg man, only the lower jaw; of the Piltdown skull, 

 the greater part of the brain case, including a portion of the brow ridge, 

 and the right half of the lower jaw. Osseous remains of Neandertal 

 man and the later paleolithic races are more abundant. Of Homo 

 neandertalensis alone there are now at least twenty authentic examples. 

 The mentality of early man is reflected in the size and structure of 



Fig. 5. Fourth oe Youngest Tebeace at Amiens. Photographed by G. G. MacCurdy. 



tbe brain. Casts of the cranial cavity have been studied with great care. 

 The cranial capacity of Pithecanthropus is estimated at 850 c.c, placing 

 it in this respect nearer to the minimum in man than to the maximum 

 in anthropoids. The cranial capacity of the Piltdown skull (Eoan- 

 thropus dawsoni) is given by Dr. A. Smith Woodward as not less than 

 1,070 c.c. The Piltdown skull apparently belonged to a female, and 

 according to Professor Elliott Smith its brain case, though smaller and 

 more primitive in form, is not unlike those of Gibraltar and La Quina, 

 both paleolithic and supposedly feminine. The most striking feature 



