6i8 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



beyond this, mechanical engineering, 

 with space for enlargement. This ex- 

 pansion will be towards the back of 

 the grounds and towards the railway. 

 Near this will be placed the laboratories 

 that involve the handling of very heavy 

 weights and the power plant. 



Coming again to the esplanade the 

 buildings that surround the minor 

 court to the east will be devoted to gen- 

 eral studies and biology, the latter oc- 

 cupying the inner wing parallel with 

 the esplanade. Chemistry will occupy 

 the long building on the farther side of 

 the great court and mining, engineer- 

 ing and metallurgy will occupy the 

 northeast corner. Electrical engineer- 

 ing finds its place behind the general 

 library, and this situation will permit 

 its incomparable collection of books to 

 be essentially a part of the general 

 library. 



THE POSITION OF PBOFESSOBS 

 IN THE MEDICAL SCHOOL 



The Johns Hopkins University has 

 played a great part in the develop- 

 ment of higher education and scientific 

 research in the United States. When 

 Johns Hopkins established a university 

 in Baltimore, he presumably had in 

 mind an institution for boys of Mary- 

 land and the south such as Princeton 

 or Amherst, but through the initiative 

 of its first president, Daniel Coit Gil- 

 man, a university was created of the 

 kind that has given Germany its lead- 

 ership in scholarship and research. 

 Each of the first professors — Gilder- 

 sleeve in Greek, Sylvester in mathemat- 

 ics, Eowland in physics, Eemsen in 

 chemistry, Martin in physiology — was 

 a man of distinction called to advance 

 his science in his own way. Buildings, 

 administration and routine teaching 

 were subordinated to the personality of 

 such men. 



An advance of equal importance was 

 made by the same university when the 

 medical school was opened in 1893 and 

 placed on a true university basis. 

 Chiefly under the guidance of Dr. Wil- 



liam H. Welch a faculty of distin- 

 guished men was brought together, and 

 only students — including women, it 

 may be noted — were admitted who were 

 adequately prepared. At that time 

 nearly all the medical schools in the 

 United States were proprietary insti- 

 tutions conducted by the professors for 

 the financial profit which the connection 

 gave them in their practise. The Johns 

 Hopkins University placed the labora- 

 tory sciences — physiology, anatomy 

 and pharmacology — on a proper basis, 

 and Dr. Welch led the way in this coun- 

 ! try in giving pathology a similar status. 

 ! The clinical chairs were also filled by 

 men of distinction, such as Dr. Osier 

 and Dr. Halstead, and the medical 

 school and the hospital formed an inte- 

 gral institution. 



Other universities, notably, Harvard, 

 have followed the lead of the Johns 

 Hopkins Medical School, and remark- 

 able progress has been made in med- 

 ical education and research in the 

 United States in the thirty years which 

 have elapsed since the opening of the 

 school in Baltimore. But in this coun- 

 try, as in Great Britain, and to a large 

 extent in Germany and France, the pro- 

 fessor who teaches in the medical 

 school and has charge of the wards in 

 the hospital, receives no salary or a 

 nominal salary for these services and 

 earns his living by his private practise. 

 j A few exceptional men have the force 

 | of character which enables them to limit 

 their practise to cases which it is de- 

 sirable for them to see in the interest of 

 their university work. As a rule, how- 

 ever, the reverse holds and the univer- 

 sity and hospital position is sought and 

 i used to promote a private practise and 

 1 a large income. When a university 

 professor travels forty-eight hours in 

 the train for a consultation, one may 

 be pretty sure that it is for the fee 

 rather than for the service or for the 

 experience. 



At the present moment the Johns 

 Hopkins Medical School and Hospital 

 are undertaking to reform this unsatis- 



