LITERARY NOTICES. 



279 



Deep Sea and its Contents " ; four, to " The 

 Force behind Nature," " Nature and Law," 

 " The Doctrine of Evolution in its Relations to 

 Theism," and " The Argument from Design 

 in the Organic World." The list of Dr. Car- 

 penter's writings contains two hundred and 

 ninety-three titles. 



The Plantation Negro as a Freeman. By 

 Philip A. Bruce. " Questions of the Day 

 Series." No. LVII. New York: G. P. 

 Putnam's Sons. Pp. 262. Price, $1.25. 



The estimate of negro character which 

 prevails in the Northern States, where ne- 

 groes are few, has been more influenced by 

 knowledge of the wrongs which the race has 

 suffered than by acquaintance with the act- 

 ual habits of the black people. Mr. Bruce's 

 volume will dispel any too ideal view of the 

 black race which the reader may hold. It is 

 a very thorough presentation of their men- 

 tal and moral traits, as exhibited in all the 

 important relations of life, based upon ob- 

 servations of the author extending over a long 

 series of years since emancipation, in "South- 

 side Virginia," a region containing a colored 

 population of about two hundred and fifty 

 thousand. Mr. Bruce represents the negro 

 as a careless and capricious parent, as being 

 decidedly lax in regard to the marriage tie, 

 as depending on firm management for his 

 value as a servant, and as humble or imper- 

 tinent in demeanor toward the whites accord- 

 ing to the way he is treated. His crimes 

 are of the impulsive class — he is not a cool 

 and calculating villain. As a voter he is 

 easily led astray, and is becoming readily 

 purchasable. His religion is emotional, and 

 has but little influence on his conduct. He 

 is highly superstitious, and has great faith in 

 the trick doctor. The author thinks that the 

 ordinary sort of education furnished the ne- 

 gro hurts him in some ways, as well as help- 

 ing him, and that a system modified so as to 

 be adapted to his character would be much 

 more of a benefit. About the same that was 

 said of the black as a servant applies to him 

 as a farm laborer. He delights to own or 

 rent land, but his laziness makes him an un- 

 desirable tenant. As a mechanic he is gen- 

 erally only a helper. Mr. Bruce regards the 

 negro not as being essentially depraved, but 

 as having many unfortunate weaknesses, and 

 this opinion dominates the view as to the fu- 



ture of the race which he gives in the clos- 

 ing chapter. He regards the proper solution 

 of the negro problem as a matter of pro- 

 found solicitude to a large and important part 

 of our country. 



A Manual of Instruction in the Princi- 

 ples of Prompt Aid to the Injured. By 

 Alvah H. Doty, M. D. New York : D. 

 Appleton & Co. Pp. 224. Price, $1.25. 



In order that the subject of this volume 

 may be well understood, it is essential to 

 know something of the .construction of the 

 human body and the functions of the differ- 

 ent organs. For this reason the author de- 

 votes about a third of the volume to anat- 

 omy and physiology. Coming to the appli- 

 cation of this knowledge, he describes the 

 use of roller bandages, of four-tailed, square, 

 triangle, and cravat bandages ; of slings, com- 

 presses, and tampons ; also the tying of knots, 

 the making of poultices, and the application 

 of moist and dry heat. Half a dozen pages 

 are devoted to antiseptics and deodorants. 

 The various forms of injury are then de- 

 scribed, and the proper treatment for each 

 is stated. Under wounds, the bites of dogs 

 and snakes are included. The chapter on 

 hemorrhage contains a diagram showing the 

 position of the important arteries, and a cut 

 of a suspender so devised as to be especially 

 useful in case of emergency for constricting 

 a bleeding limb. The use of various arti- 

 cles likely to be at hand as temporary splints 

 and slings in cases of fracture is described. 

 A variety of injuries, many of them involv- 

 ing unconsciousness, receive due attention. 

 Among these are burns, frost-bite, fainting, 

 stunning, intoxication, fits, hysteria, and 

 heat-stroke. 



In the treatment of drowned person^, 

 three methods of artificial respiration are 

 given, with figures. There is a chapter on 

 poisons, and another in which a variety of 

 injuries and affections are treated, including 

 convulsions of children, bed-sores, chafing, 

 etc. The last chapter is on transportation 

 of the patient, either with or without a lit- 

 ter, manufactured or extemporized, and in- 

 cludes by permission that part of the " Man- 

 ual of Instruction for Hospital Corps, U.S. A." 

 which relates to transportation of the wound- 

 ed, with the cuts. The author states that 

 special effort has been made to so arrange 

 the matter and to introduce such points as 



