NOTES. 



287 



sional categories. Candidates for admission 

 must be qualified in Spanish and Latin gram- 

 mar, geography, Spanish history, the elements 

 of natural history, theoretical mechanics, ge- 

 ometry and its relations to projections and 

 perspective, physics, chemistry, lineal, topo- 

 graphical, and landscape drawing, and French 

 and German. Especial attention is given 

 in the course to topography, chemistry, and 

 mathematics. Branches bearing particularly 

 on forestry are introduced in the second year, 

 and are made more prominent in the suc- 

 ceeding years. The custody of the public 

 forests is vested in the civic guard. The 

 country is divided into forty-six forestral de- 

 partments, the forests in each of which are 

 under the care of a chief engineer. 



Evening Continnation Schools. — In a 



paper read before the Society of Arts, Lon- 

 don, Dr. William Lant Carpenter considered 

 the best means of continuing the education 

 of children who are taken from the day 

 school as early as the law allows and set at 

 work. He said that education to be given 

 in the evening must be such as will attract, 

 interest, and recreate tired children. It has 

 to compete with the social gambolings of 

 the street, or even with the gaudy, specious 

 amusements which too often allure them. 

 In the second place, it must touch and draw 

 forth the opening nature of children of that 

 age, so that their instinctive impulses and 

 growing powers, both of body and mind, shall 

 be rightly nourished and trained. Lastly, it 

 must bear directly upon the practical work 

 of their daily life, upon the pure enjoyments 

 that are possible to them, and upon the 

 noble duties that will devolve on them. In 

 Nottingham a very successful attempt had 

 been made to ingraft upon the instruction 

 required by the Government, exercises of a 

 more practical and recreative character, 

 conducted by voluntary teachers, such as 

 calisthenics, musical drills, drawing, model- 

 ing, demonstration in elementary science, ge- 

 ography with special reference to physical 

 phenomena and to commerce, shopping and 

 workshop arithmetic, needlework, historical 

 and other readings illustrated by the lantern. 

 Moreover, seven working men were appointed 

 to be the managers of each school, and these 

 men so labored that during the first year of 

 their service the attendance was doubled. 



The " Recreative Evening Schools Associa- 

 tion" was formed in London in 1886 with 

 a similar purpose, and had accomplished 

 valuable work, both within and outside of 

 the metropolis. Dr. Carpenter said in re- 

 gard to the use of the lantern that its 

 value as an educational agent is only begin- 

 ning to be recognized. Eyes wearied with 

 long use during the day can not endure the 

 fatigue of much book-work at night, but 

 they are revived and charmed by the splen- 

 dor of gay color and brilliance of light. He 

 urged the teaching of science, not only as a 

 preparation for technical education, but still 

 more to put the young people into an intel- 

 ligent relation with the phenomena of the 

 world in which they live. In order to deal 

 with the distress arising from unthrift, vice, 

 self-indulgence, and reckless and improvident 

 marriage in a great city like London, Dr. 

 Carpenter said : " We must capture the boys 

 and the girls who will be the fathers and 

 mothers of five or ten years hence. If when 

 captured their lives and habits are molded 

 at the impressionable age, from fourteen to 

 twenty-one, so as to become good citizens, 

 and not reckless pleasure-hunters, unaccus- 

 tomed to resist the impulse of passion or 

 the suggestions of desire, we are, in point of 

 fact, sterilizing the unfitness latent in them, 

 and thus preventing the formation of a new 

 national debt of vice and crime." 



NOTES. 



Dr. F. P. Wightnick sounds another note 

 of alarm against danger from lead-poisoning 

 from using fruit canned in tin. Three cases 

 have lately come under his observation in 

 which he assigns the cause of trouble to this 

 source. One case is that of a patient who 

 had been using canned tomatoes for three 

 years, and who had for several months suf- 

 fered painful disorders of digestion. Analy- 

 sis of the tomatoes revealed the presence of 

 - 987 grain of oxide of tin and - 339 grain 

 of chloride of lead per pound of preserved 

 vegetables. The other cases are of a mother 

 and son who have eaten canned tomatoes 

 freely, and are suffering from similar digest- 

 ive disorders. The evidence of lead-poison- 

 ing is not presented in so positive a form as 

 in the other case. Medical men and chem- 

 ists have usually inclined to the opinion that 

 the danger of poisoning from canned fruits 

 was insignificant. 



The " Quarterly Journal of Inebriety " 

 has called attention to the indiscriminate 



