494 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



have been so differentiated that we may rightly separate and clas- 

 sify them. The man who is convinced that all organic life came 

 from a single form is yet justified in practical — e. g., gastronomi- 

 cal — affairs in making a distinction between meats and vegeta- 

 bles, or even between beefsteak and mutton. So, there is a prac- 

 tical if not a philosophical difference between the motives that 

 guide men in stock speculations and those that guide them in the 

 founding of hospitals. To reach charity by the way of self-inter- 

 est is following too roundabout a road for the average man or 

 the average thinker, and many there be that have failed most 

 sadly in the attempt. 



It is therefore exceedingly fortunate that the philanthropists 

 seem likely to work out their own salvation from mischief -mak- 

 ing by studying with scientific care the lessons that their own 

 experience teaches. Such a course not only gives valuable facili- 

 ties for checking the conclusions of those who have thought and 

 worked along other lines, but it secures the acceptance by those 

 charitably inclined of correct ideas much more readily than could 

 any amount of outside pressure. The dictates of wisdom are 

 formulated in language to which they are accustomed, and the 

 motives to which appeal is made are those to which they have 

 taught themselves obedience. Not that acceptance of the new 

 ideas is easy under any circumstances for those trained in the 

 older methods. It can only be said that it is a trifle less difficult 

 to rout this variety of old f ogyism by attacking from within rather 

 than from without. 



But there is, happily, an increasing number of those who ap- 

 preciate the fact that the introduction of scientific methods into 

 charitable work will not hamper charity but aid it ; that the 

 resulting restrictions that may be placed upon us will merely 

 guide our sympathies, and not thwart them. The restraints that 

 will be put upon benevolence will be merely to prevent its waste 

 and insure its usefulness — "restriction for the purpose of expan- 

 sion." Scientific methods carefully used for such purposes will 

 not make the charity of the future cold-blooded and calculating, 

 but will prevent it from being foiled, defeated, and turned back 

 from its high purposes by its own gratuitous blunders ; they will 

 render that charity helpful, constructive, progressive, and make 

 it possible that love of neighbor may " shape with growing sway 

 the growing life of man." 



The Eev. Dr. Dallinger, who is also an eminent student of microscopic life, 

 remarked in a recent lecture at Birmingham, England, that since the human mind 

 had given itself fearlessly and without Mas to the study of the phenomena, evolu- 

 tion had become no longer a bugbear, and might be looked upon, even by the 

 most timid theologian, as the actual method of creation. 



