THE STONE AGE IN HEATHEN SWEDEN. 507 



house, with doors and windows, carried out exclusively with axes 

 and other implements of flint. 



At first the people are supposed to have made such clothes as 

 they wore of skins and hides ; at a later period they became ac- 

 quainted with woven stuffs of wool ; and the lake-dwellers of 

 Switzerland cultivated flax. For ornaments they had beads of 

 amber (Fig. 5), the teeth of animals, and articles of bone. Awls and 

 needles were made of bone, and an instrument resembling a comb, 

 made of the same material, is supposed to have been used, just as 

 instruments of the kind are employed by the Eskimos, in cutting 

 out the leather threads for sewing. Fishing and the chase sup- 

 plied the chief means of subsistence, and probably, during the ear- 

 lier part of the period, the only means. Hooks (Fig. 6) were made 

 of bone, or of bone with the point and barb of flint. Harpoons 



Fig. 8.— Two Passage-Graves at Luttra. 



and fishing-spears were also in use, and the lake-dwellers had nets. 

 The people had boats, for remains of fish that can only be caught 

 in deep-sea water have been found in the middens. The earliest 

 boats were probably " dug-outs," though none of those now known 

 can be referred to the Stone age. Domestic animals were kept, for 

 their bones have been found in the passage-graves. The Swiss 

 pastured their cattle and tilled the ground, raising flax, three 

 sorts of wheat, and two-cornered and six-cornered barley. We 

 have no direct proofs of tillage in Sweden during the Stone age, 

 but certain facts seem to show that it was not unknown to them ; 

 and this view has been confirmed by the discovery of a stone hand- 



