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THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



David Starr Jordan. The publication is made 

 " as a memorial of a project undertaken 

 early in the history of American science, by 

 two of the most eminent naturalists this 

 country has ever possessed." 



A full and valuable paper on The Cave 

 Fauna of North America is published by 

 Prof. A. S. Packard, from the memoirs of 

 the National Academy of Sciences. It con- 

 tains descriptions of the caves, with notes 

 on their hydrography, temperature, origin, 

 and geological age ; the source of the food- 

 supply of their inhabitants ; the probable 

 mode of colonization ; with lists of the spe- 

 cies inhabiting the better-known caves. This 

 general introduction to the subject is fol- 

 lowed by more special articles on the vege- 

 table life of the caves ; a systematic descrip- 

 tion of the invertebrate animals found in 

 them; a systematic list of the cave ani- 

 mals of North America ; geographical distri- 

 bution of the cave species ; lists of Ameri- 

 can and European cave animals and of blind 

 non-cavernicolous animals ; anatomical stud- 

 ies ; a discussion of the origin of the cave 

 species and genera ; and a bibliography. To 

 all these are appended twenty-seven plates 

 of illustrations. 



The seventh series of the " Johns Hopkins 

 University Studies in Historical and Political 

 Science " is devoted to social science, educa- 

 tion, and government. The first number is 

 a sketch, by F. C. Montague, of Arnold 

 Toynbee, a tutor at Oxford, and an earnest 

 and practical advocate of political, economi- 

 cal, and ecclesiastical reform, and of meas- 

 ures for improving the condition of the 

 masses, who died in 1883, in his thirty-first 

 year. Accounts are added of " The Work of 

 Toynbee Hall," which is named after him, 

 and in which the effort is made to further 

 what he had at heart, and of " The Neigh- 

 borhood Guild in New York " — the former 

 by P. L. Gill, and the latter by the Rev. 

 Charles B. Stover. The second and third 

 numbers present the history of The Estab- 

 lishment of Municipal Government in San 

 Francisco, by Prof. Bernard Moses, of the 

 University of California. The history be- 

 gins with the foundation of the Spanish 

 pueblo in 1V76, and is considered in three 

 " somewhat clearly defined periods " : those 

 of Spanish settlement and stagnation; of 

 transition, extending from the conquest to 



the adoption of the charter of 1850 ; and 

 the third period, ending with the adoption 

 of the charter of 1851. No. 4 is The Mu- 

 nicipal History of New Orleans, by William 

 W. Howe. It begins with the foundation of 

 the town in 1718, and traces the gradual de- 

 velopment of the municipal organization and 

 its vicissitudes under the changes of juris- 

 diction which the Louisiana Territory suf- 

 fered, with the experiments in charter-making 

 that marked the career of the American city, 

 down to the adoption of the present charter 

 in 1882. To this are added notices of the fire 

 department, Commission of Public Works, 

 and water and gas supply, and accounts of 

 the charitable gifts that have been made to 

 the city, and the voluntary public associa- 

 tions. The sixth and seventh numbers em- 

 brace a sketch of English Culture in Vir- 

 ginia, by Prof. William P. Trent, of the 

 University of the South. The paper consists 

 chiefly of a study of the letters of Francis 

 Walker Gilmer, one of the most active of 

 the Virginia gentlemen of the old school for 

 the advancement of education, who was also 

 considerably distinguished in his day for lit- 

 erary achievements — and an account of the 

 English professors obtained by Jefferson for 

 the University of Virginia. 



No. XXV of the Economic Tracts of the 

 Society for Political Education (330 Pearl 

 Street, New York) is a pamphlet on Electoral 

 Reform. In it the purposes of those per- 

 sons who are seeking to withdraw the con- 

 trol of the distribution of ballots from par- 

 tisan manipulators and lodge it with public 

 officers, and to secure a really secret and in- 

 dependent vote, are explained ; the objec- 

 tions to their proposed system are answered ; 

 the operation of the Australian system is 

 described ; and the text of the Massachu- 

 setts ballot-reform act and the New York 

 Saxton bill are given in full. No. XXVI of 

 this series is The Liquor Question in Poli- 

 tics, by George lies. It deals with the grow- 

 ing and alarming power of the liquor traffic, 

 and with the efforts of various forms to re- 

 strain it, gives clear and impartial anal- 

 yses of the propositions and arguments of 

 the advocates of " regulation " by high li- 

 cense, and of the prohibitionists ; and con- 

 tains summaries according prominence to 

 peculiar features of the more recent anti- 

 liquor legislation in several States. Mr. 0. 



