THE OLD AND THE NEW PHRENOLOGY. 



74i 



F 



its own particular domicile. Now, such a mental image is termed 

 a concept, and concepts are the material of thought. Thought is 

 the play of consciousness among these concepts — a play which 

 always, in our waking hours, is within definite boundaries and 

 along lines of association. The oddity of our dreams arises from 

 the disregard of these 

 lines and boundaries in 

 a semi-conscious state. 

 Many of the concepts 

 are related to one an- 

 other. Thus the rose is 

 only one of many flow- 

 ers which you know, 

 and the term " flower " 

 really brings to a focus 

 all the images of the 

 different roses, chrys- 

 anthemums, pansies, 

 and pinks and varied 

 objects which the most 

 complete horticultural 

 exhibition can display, fig. 7.— the location op the memokt-pictubes op the 



TVip tprm "flrtWPr"— Word-Image Robe. 1, word-hearing; 2, word-seeing; 3, 



1116 byilLl iiUWt!i word-uttering; 4, word-writing memory-picture. 



which we may call an 



abstract term, because it stands, not for a single object, but for a 

 class of different objects with common features — enables us to 

 handle these many mental images easily and communicate the 

 pictures before our minds to others. It is a convenience, then, to 

 use the word ; but, nevertheless, it is the mental images, rather 

 than the words, which play the greater part in our thinking. 



This has been most ably expressed by the Duke of Argyll, 

 who says : " Images are repetitions of sensation, endowed with all 

 its mental wealth, and consciously reproduced from the stores of 

 memory. Without images we can do nothing in the fields of 

 thought, while with images we can mentally do all things which 

 it is given us to do. The very highest and most abstract concepts 

 are seen and handled by our intellects in the form of voiceless 

 imagery. How many are the concepts roused in us by the forms 

 and by the remembered images of the human countenance! 

 Love and goodness, purity and truth, benevolence and devotion, 

 firmness and justice, authority and command — these are a few, 

 and a few only, of the abstract ideas which may be presented and 

 represented to us in every degree and in every combination by 

 the remembered image of some silent face. What a wealth of 

 concepts is set before us, for example, in the images raised by this 



° * ' Her eyes are homes of silent prayer ' I 



