LITERARY NOTICES. 



119 



from that of science; one deals with rules 

 and rote, and the other with principles ; one 

 narrows, the other widens ; one makes of a 

 student a good machine, the other an edu- 

 cated thinker. Mr. Folsom's book-keeping 

 is to be commended on broad educational 

 grounds, as it presents the subject in its 

 logical and scientific form, suitable for lib- 

 eral mental training. The difficulty with 

 book-keeping, as with arithmetic, is that, 

 under pressure of the utilitarian spirit, they 

 are degraded into mere blind mechanical 

 operations, acquired as a kind of dexterity, 

 and solely with a view to business. Book- 

 keeping is commonly learned in much the 

 same way as the management of the sewing- 

 machine, and to little better purpose, so far 

 as mental cultivation is concerned. Mr. 

 Folsom aims to redeem the study to its 

 higher uses by treating it as a science of 

 values and exchanges, which depends upon 

 reasons and laws. While making due pro- 

 vision for the practice of the art, his con- 

 stant method is to keep in view the prin- 

 ciples which should guide the student's 

 thinking. A work like this, pursued thought- 

 fully and thoroughly, in its philosophic 

 spirit, will afford the most valuable prepa- 

 ration for studying the science of political 

 economy, which treats of the laws of value 

 and exchange as affecting communities and 

 nations on the largest scale. 



Antiquities op the Southern Indians, par- 

 ticularly of the Georgia Tribes. By 

 Charles C. Jones, Jr. Large octavo, 

 532 pages, illustrated with Thirty-one 

 Plates, and several Woodcuts. Price 

 $6.00. New York : D. Appleton & Co., 

 1873. 



We have before briefly noticed this val- 

 uable contribution to American archaeology, 

 and now proceed to give our readers a fur- 

 ther account of it, as, since the publication 

 of the " Ancient Monuments of the Mississip- 

 pi Valley," no work has been written upon 

 this subject so minute in its details, so care- 

 ful in statement, and so extended in its ob- 

 servations. Although the antiquities of 

 Georgia claim the author's particular atten- 

 tion, he presents an intelligent and compre- 

 hensive view of the ancient monuments and 

 aboriginal relics of that portion of the ter- 

 ritory of the United States which is bounded 

 on the north by Kentucky and the upper 



limits of Virginia, on the east by the Atlan- 

 tic Ocean, on the south by the Gulf of Mex- 

 ico, and on the west by the Mississippi 

 River. The field of research — which is 

 manifestly one of great interest, abounding 

 with relics of unusual variety, symmetry, 

 and beauty — has hitherto been but feebly 

 explored. Here, in ancient times, dwelt 

 peoples who apparently occupied a middle 

 position in the scale of semi-civilization ; 

 influenced, on the one hand, to a greater or 

 less degree, by those ideas which in Mexico 

 and Central America culminated in such 

 complex and elaborate developments, and, 

 on the other, sympathizing with and sharing 

 in those ruder expressions characteristic of 

 Western hunter tribes and their more north- 

 ern neighbors. 



" Our object has been," says the author 

 in his preface, "from the earliest and most 

 authentic sources of information at com- 

 mand, to convey a correct impression of the 

 location, characteristics, form of govern- 

 ment, social relations, manufactures, domes- 

 tic economy, diversions, and customs of the 

 Southern Indians, at the time of primal con- 

 tact between them and the Europeans. This 

 introductory part of the work is followed by 

 an examination of tumuli, earthworks, and 

 various relics, obtained from burial-mounds, 

 gathered amid refuse-piles, found in ancient 

 graves, and picked up in cultivated fields 

 and on the sites of old villages and fishing- 

 resorts. Whenever these could be inter- 

 preted in the light of early-recorded obser- 

 vations, or were capable of explanation by 

 customs not obsolete at the dawn of the his- 

 toric period, the authorities relied upon have 

 been carefully noted." 



In the first four chapters we are made 

 acquainted with the political, social, and in- 

 dustrial status of the Southern Indians, as 

 disclosed by the narratives of the Spanish 

 expeditions, and portrayed in the accounts 

 of the early voyagers. The five succeeding 

 chapters are devoted to a history of mound- 

 building, and to a description of various 

 groups of mounds with their attendant in- 

 closures and fish-preserves. Among these 

 ancient tumuli, antedating the period of 

 European colonization, are mentioned and 

 classified temple-mounds, terraced mounds, 

 truncated pyramids, mounds of observation 

 and retreat, chieftain - mounds, family or 



