GROWTH AND DECAY OF MIND. 339 



decay, is the change of taste for mental food of various kinds. Every 

 one must be conscious of the fact that books, and the subjects of 

 thought, lose the interest they once had, making way for others of a 

 different nature. The favorite author, whose words we read and re- 

 read with continually fresh enjoyment in youth, appears dull and un- 

 interesting as the mind grows, and becomes unendurable in advanced 

 years. And this is not merely the effect of familiarity. I knew one 

 who was never tired of reading the works of a famous modern novel- 

 ist until the age of twenty-five or thereabouts, when it chanced that 

 he was placed in circumstances which caused novel-reading to be an 

 unfrequent occupation, and in point of fact certain works of this 

 author were not opened by him for ten or twelve years. He sup- 

 posed, when at the end of that time he took up one of these works, 

 that he should find even more than the pleasure he formerly had in 

 reading it, since the story would now have something of novelty for 

 him, and he had once thoroughly enjoyed reading it even when he 

 almost knew the work by heart. But he no longer found the work in 

 the least interesting ; the humor seemed forced, the pathos affected, 

 the eloquence false; in short, he had lost his taste for it. In the 

 mean time the works of another equally famous humorist had acquired 

 a new value in his estimation. 1 They had formerly seemed rather 

 heavy reading ; now, every sentence gave enjoyment. They appeared 

 now as books not to be merely tasted or swallowed, as Bacon hath it, 

 but " to be chewed and digested." The change here described indi- 

 cated (in accordance at least with the accepted estimates of the nov- 

 elist and humorist in question) an increase of mental power. But a 

 distaste for particular writings may imply the decay of mental power. 

 And also, more generally, a tendency to disparagement is a very com- 

 mon indication of advancing mental age. " The old brain," says 

 Wendell Holmes, " thinks the world grows worse, as the old retina 

 thinks the eyes of needles and the fractions in the printed sales of 

 stocks grow smaller." 



Another singular effect of advancing years is shown by the ten- 

 dency to repetition. It is worthy of nctice that this peculiar mental 

 phenomenon has been clearly associated with physical deterioration 

 of the substance of the brain, because it may be brought about by a 

 blow or by disease. Wendell Holmes, speaking of this peculiarity, 

 remarks, " I have known an aged person repeat the same question five, 



1 Probably the best means of testing the development of one's own mind consists in 

 comparing the estimate formed, at different times, of the value of some standard work. 

 Of course different classes of writing should be employed to test different faculties of 

 the mind. A good general test may be found in Shakespeare's plays, and perhaps still 

 better in some of Shakespeare's sonnets. As the mind grows, its power of appreciating 

 Shakespeare increases ; and the great advantage of this particular test is, that the mind 

 cannot overgrow it. It is like the standard by which the sergeant measures recruits, 

 which will measure men of all heights, not failing even when giants are brought to be 

 measured by it. 



