SANITARY SCIENCE, ETC. 429 



studies — by virtue of their appealing to natural objects. Any teacher 

 will bear me out in saying that, as regards pupils of an early age, 

 there is no difficulty in this respect. As regards colleges and univer- 

 sities, there are but two things on which we can rely to make studies 

 take hold upon the minds of students, and to receive thorough atten- 

 tion. The first is, love for them on the part of the student. The other 

 is, their value to the student as regards his direct aims and purposes in 

 life. We cannot in colleges and universities do what was formerly 

 done in England — take the student and whip him. We have to trust 

 to one or the other of these two classes of incentives. Now, the num- 

 ber is considerable of those who, from one motive or the other, would 

 take up this great subject of study. All would not do it ; the major- 

 ity, probably, would not do it; but, if an opportunity were * offered, 

 I am satisfied that from every college and every university would go 

 out a body of men not only well instructed in the great principles 

 which underlie sanitary matters, but well disciplined in the obtaining 

 of such instruction. 



And now, as to the other branch of the objection — the objection 

 on the score of Culture. 



I prize all literary study as highly as any person ought, but yet I 

 maintain that there is, after all, a higher culture. The very ideal, the 

 very god of literary culture, is Goethe ; and yet, splendid as he was, 

 there is a higher culture which he lacked, even from a purely earthly 

 point of view. I maintain that, in the studies I now urge, there comes 

 a culture of high purpose, a culture of thought for our fellow-men, a 

 culture involving the idea of duty, which certainly is worth any other 

 sort of culture. 



And, if any one objects that these studies are based upon Physiol- 

 ogy, which has led man into dangerous paths, that it is, in fact, an un- 

 safe study, I would simply point to these words, uttered so long ago, 

 and from which, certainly, these objectors will make no appeal : " The 

 fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." There is a great truth 

 in these words. We all feel them. But what is that truth ? what is 

 that fear ? Is it the mere selfish fear which the African native feels 

 for the madness of his fetish ? Is it the mere groveling fear which the 

 Turkish slave feels for the tyranny of the satrap placed over him? 

 Certainly not. The only wholesome fear is that fear based not on 

 mystic dread of tyranny, but fear to violate those great laws by which 

 the Divine power which maintains and regulates this universe governs 

 all. That is the fear which lies at the beginning of wisdom, and among 

 those studies, calculated to impress upon us the existence of laws, the 

 violation of which is followed by penalties strictly imposed, stand fore- 

 most those to which this Association is now so worthily devoting its 

 attention — studies sure to make the earth more beautiful ; sure to make 

 mankind more reverent and noble. 



