88 A CHAPTER OF FOLKLORE 



terrified and fled. General Feng, who afterwards became 

 T'i-tu at Canton, reported the benevolent intervention of the 

 god to the Emperor who finally bestowed the title of "Dis- 

 playing majesty" ( f2 $£ ). The temple was rebuilt at the 

 beginning of the reign of the Emperor T'ung Chih. The 

 Chronicle ends by stating that it is a popular superstition 

 that the god was a man named Chang (3H ) who lived in 

 the T'ang dynasty. 



The above account led me to think that the spirit wor- 

 shipped was probably a rain god in the early days of the 

 history of the place, perhaps when barbarians occupied the 

 land before its conquest by the Chinese, and that the Chinese 

 have adopted him, and given him a name and a history. 



The Rev. D. W. Richardson of the American Presby- 

 terian Mission here has, however, informed me that he is 

 a god of transport rather than of rain. There are temples 

 in his honour at Tsingkiangpu and at a small town south 

 of Tsingkiangpu, at Nanking and Taichow. The temples 

 at the latter two places appear out of place as the god is 

 supposed to have honours only along the Grand Canal. 

 There is also a Tu-t'ien temple at Haimenting, referred to 

 below. 



Mr. Richardson has identified the man named Chang 

 mentioned in the Chronicles of the Tantu Magistracy with 

 Chang Hsun(?n-ilO . An account of this worthy is given in 

 Professor Giles' Chinese Biographical Dictionary . He lived 

 A.D. 709-757, and was a great scholar in addition to being a 

 great warrior. After a heroic defence of Sui-yang (5H E§) 

 he was killed by An Lu-shan's son. 



It is stated that during the siege of Sui-yang the enemy 

 poisoned the well at which his soldiers drew their water. 

 Chang Hsiin having learned this drank the well dry himself 

 with the result that he became different from other men, 

 his countenance changing to purple. 



According to the Shang Yu Lu ( feJ $£ H) he was 

 canonized as Governor of Yangchow, on the Grand Canal. 

 Yangchow Ta Tutu (& 'M X. tP ^) , and the inhabitants 

 dedicated a temple to him. 



The Tu-t'ien Pusa has two assistants whose names are 

 given as Dukes of the Southern and of the Lightning 

 Countries respectively ( f$ H &» ) and ( ft M & ). 



Two other gods connected with water honoured in the 

 procession were Chiang Kung ( M & ) and Yen Kung ( Hf &•). 

 The former is unidentified. The other is described in Pere 

 Dore's Recherches sur les Superstitions en Chine, page 920, 

 as "The Protector of Sailors." 



