50 NOTES OX THE SYMBOLISM OF THE 



TE *fi . 



Morrison : 10,202. Virtue commonly in a good sense. Power, 

 Force, Benevolence, Virtuous instructions. 



Giles : 10,845. That which one does naturally., spontaneously, 

 without being able to help it, conduct, behaviour, principles 

 exemplified in action, energy, power, moral excellence, virtue, 

 kindness. 



Wieger : Analysis, 10 O. Heart : direct (ten eyes which can see 

 the slightest deviation should such exist), also the figure 

 for a step. 



Meadows : Te denotes the Ultimate Principle as an inherent 

 power or virtue of that Universe which, in reality, is produced 

 by it. Hence when Te is used to express a quality of man, 

 it, as identical with the Ultimate Principle inherent in him, 

 necessarily means perfect goodness or virtue as opposed 

 to vice. 



TI#. 



Morrison : 9.992. The Appellation of one who judges the world 

 or of one who rules over Nations ; celestial virtue. Shang-ti 

 the highest Sovereign, the Supreme Ruler ; Heaven or the 

 God of Heaven. 



Giles : 10,942. God ; the Supreme Euler of the Universe. 



Wieger : Analysis, 120 H. The one who governs ; a figure re- 

 presenting a man in trailing robes of ceremonial. 



Meadows : The name Ti or Shang Ti expresses still more strongly 

 (than T'ien Li; T'ien Ming; or T'ien Tao) the ruling, reward- 

 ing-harmony and punishing-violation characteristic of the 

 Ultimate Principle. Both T'ien and Ti but more especially 

 Ti may be said to personify the fixed course of Nature. 



T'IEN %. 



Morrison : 10,095. The highest, that which is resident above. 

 To rule and keep in subjection the creatures below. Heaven 

 used for the material heavens, the sky and for a Supreme 

 and Intelligent Power which views human actions and thoughts, 

 and which rewards and punishes individuals or nations, but 

 . which seems to want personality. There is a great variety of 

 expression and confusion of ideas with the word. 



Giles: 11,208. Material heavens; according to "Shuo Wen" 

 "the one great thing" now known to be anthropomorphic 

 picture of the Deity ; the sky ; Heaven, as a power which 

 unites with earth to produce all living things ; the pateraether 

 of the Romans : nature the eternal principle of right. The 

 Supreme Ruler of the Universe ; God as a personal omnipotent, 

 omniscient, and omnipresent Being, beyond the ken of man, 

 and ranked above Shang Ti in the Filial Piety Classic : etc. , etc. 



Wieger : Analysis, 1 C. The One greatness over Man. 



Meadows : T'ien may be said to personify the fixed course of 

 Nature. When T'ien is used in its sense of sky or visible 

 blue heavens the Ti is described as its Hsin or Mind. 



MING ft . 



Morrison : 7,732. Fate ; The destiny of individuals in this life. 



The life of human beings. A command. 

 Giles : 7,962. The Will of God ; a decree ; an order ; Fate, Destiny. 

 Wieger : Analysis, 14 I. A mouth and an order. 

 Meadows (see T'ien in conjunction). 



