PURPLE FORBIDDEN CITY 57 



T'lEN LI 3ci. 



Morrison : Heavenly principles ; the moral sense ; Providence. 

 Giles : (6,879). Eternal principles, Divine justice, Natural sense 



of Justice. 

 Meadows : T'ien Li means the rule or regulated order of Heaven. 



TIEN TAO %ii. 



Morrison : The Ways of Heavens ; Providence. 

 Giles : 10,780. The'Wav of God. 

 Meadows : The Way of Heaven. 



T'IEN MING ?ift . 



Morrison : The Decree or Will of Heaven. 



Giles : 7,962. The Will of God. The appointment of Heaven. 



Meadows : T'ien Li, and T'ien Tao are both synonymous with 



T'ien Ming. That is the fixed order of action or course of 



the Ultimate Principle/ 



CHENG ft. 



Morrison : 1,084. Without guile ; sincerity ; truth. 



Giles : 766. Guileless ; sincere. 



Wieger : Analysis, 71 M. Words ; Perfect, complete. 



Meadows : Ch'eng is used of the Ultimate Principle when it 

 constitutes the nature or mind of the Holy Man : a superlative 

 being sometimes added to indicate unmistakeably its completest 

 realization. In the Imperial "Essence of Philosophy" where 

 Chu Hsi's annotations are found, we read the following : 

 "Ch'eng is the fundamental characteristic of the Holy Man. — 

 Ch'eng is the name of the perfectly real and naturally right : 

 it is tne true, fixed order (Li) which nature received from 

 Heaven. All men get it ; and that which makes the Holy Man 

 holy is nothing else but merely his complete personal realization 

 of it. — Ch'eng is what is called T'ai Chi. — Holy is merely 

 Ch'eng. He who possesses Ch'eng entirely comprises within 

 himself the spontaneousness of all true principles ; with perfect 

 sense — without thought or effort — he keeps undeviatingly to the 

 Way of the Universe. That which makes the Holy Man holy 

 is nothing but his complete personal realization of the real 

 order of the universe ; it is what is called T'ai Chi. 

 Ch'eng is the radical nature of the true order of Heaven. 



The "human manifestation" of this philosophy, if he 

 can be so-called is — the Ruler ; the man who- as the character 

 Wang 3£ (by which name he was originally known) clearly 

 shows, unites in his person the San Tsai H ~% The Three 

 Powers, Heaven, Earth, Man (see Shuo Wen). 



It is obvious that no< ordinary being can fill this great 

 office, therefore the Rulers were originally chosen, by their 

 predecessor, for their outstanding integrity and intelligence 

 which showed the perfect working of the T'ai Chi or Ultimate 

 Principle within them. 



A glance at Pere Amiot's diagram shows that the T'ai 

 Chi is set in operation by the Ch'i & or vital essence which 

 springs from the Creator, or as he is often referred to in 

 poetry "Builder of all Things" — Shang Ti — thus the "one 

 man" who shows his fitness to rule is in intimate connection 



