SKETCH OF CHARLES A. JOY. 409 



months followed, and at last, when he was able to again consider 

 the resumption of his work, strength was lacking. In considera- 

 tion of his years of faithful service, the college trustees retired 

 him with a pension, and he returned to the scenes of his student 

 days. For a time he was in Hanover, then in Switzerland, also 

 in France, and in Munich. The World's Fair in Paris during 

 1889 attracted him there ; but finally, after an absence of nearly 

 ten years, he turned his steps homeward, and spent the winter of 

 1890-'91 at his own country home in Stockbridge, Mass. When 

 the spring came he was already making plans to visit the great 

 World's Fair, to be held in Chicago, but suddenly and with 

 scarcely any warning a trifling indisposition seized him, and he 

 died on May 29, 1891. 



As has been shown, Prof. Joy filled many places of high honor 

 with distinction. His associates and pupils held him in worthy 

 esteem, and from the scientific world at large he deserves a more 

 than passing notice, for it may be said it was his efforts that in- 

 directly brought about that recognition of science in this city that 

 culminated in the organization of the greatest School of Mines in 

 the United States. 



The ice scenery of the mountains of New Zealand was first brought to notice 

 by the Rev. W. S. Green in 1882, who that year explored the glacier region of 

 Aorangi, or Mount Cook. Since then visitors have been attracted to the mount- 

 ain region in increasing numbers ; a hotel has been built in a convenient situation 

 near the foot of one of the glaciers; surveys have been undertaken; and a series 

 of exploratory expeditions has been begun by Mr. G. E. Mannering and bis coad- 

 jutors. The southern Alps proper of New Zealand run from northeast to south- 

 west for about a hundred miles, nearer to the western than to the eastern coast of 

 the South Island. Hence the valleys fall more rapidly toward the west than toward 

 the east ; and on the latter side a wide tract of plain separates the sea from the foot 

 of the hills. Being pierced more deeply by the lowlands, although the New Zea- 

 land peaks are considerably lower than those of the European Alps — the summit 

 of Aorangi, the bighest of them, being only 12,349 feet high — they tower as high 

 and as steep above their actual bases. Aorangi, according to Mr. Mannering, rises 

 "for nearly 10,000 feet from the Hooker Glacier, and Mount Seften 8,500 feet 

 from the Mueller Glacier, while the western precipices of Mount Tasman (11,475 

 feet) are stupendous." The snow-line in these mountains lies much lower than in 

 Switzerland, being only about 5,000 feet above the sea. Thus the glaciers are 

 greater and descend lower than those of Switzerland. The Tasman glacier is eight- 

 een or twenty miles long, and terminates at a height of 2,456 feet above the sea. 

 On the western side the ice approaches occasionally to within 600 feet. Thus in 

 the New Zealand Alps, says Mr. T. G. Bonney, renewing Mr. Mannering's book in 

 Nature, " the Alpine climber meets with the same difficulties and is surrounded 

 by the same class of scenery as he finds in the Old World amid peaks and passes 

 3,000 feet higher." But, great as are these glaciers, Mr. Bonney adds, they are, 

 like those of Europe, attenuated representatives of their predecessors, for New 

 Zealand also has had its Ice age. 



